Acute Vision loss Flashcards
What disease is charicterized by a football shaped lense?
Astigmatism
What is the order of structures that light passes through on the way to the retina?
Tear Film Cornea Aqueous humor (anterior chamber) Lense Vitreous humor
What is charicteristic of Acute Closure Glaucoma?
Acute onset Severe pain Mid dilated fixed pupil Blurred vision Halos around lights Headache N/V
What is charicteristic of Corneal Edema?
Inc ocular pressure
Caused by Acute glaucoma
Mimicked by acute infection
Cornea becomes dull, ground glass
What is Hyphema?
Blood in anterior Chamber
Dec Visual Acuitydep on %
2/2 blunt trauma or neovascularization
Bed rest and
What is charicteristic of Lenticular changes?
Cataracts
Devt Slowly: Aging
Refractive change depending 2/2 osmotic shift
What is charicteristic of Vitreous hemorrhage?
Resolves slower than hyphema
DM w/ neovasc
Retinal detachment
Trauma
What is charicteristic of Vitreous Detachment?
Vitreous separates from retina with aging Causes "floaters" => shadows 2/2 Myopia >45yo Cataract surgery Trauma
What are the types of floaters?
Fluid pockets
Vitreous strands
WBC deposits
What are the charicteristics of Retinal Detachment?
Photopsia and Floaters
Shade in visual field
Peripheral to posterior
What are the Char of Macular Disease?
Sudden visual loss from bleeding
Older Pts have macular Degeneration: Dry vs Wet
What is Amaurosis Fugax?
Temporary artery obstruction
Suddent transient vision loss
Monocular Dimming of vision
What are the components of Evaluation in Amaurosis Fugax?
CV
Cerebrovascular
Opthamologic
Migraine
What are the visual symptoms of a Migraine?
Scintillating Scotoma Amaurosis Fugax Transient cortical Blindness Homonymous Hemianopia Classis or Opthalmic
What is Central Retinal Artery Occlusion?
True ocular emergency Sudden painless visual loss Appearance dep on timing -Mins-Hrs vascualr stasis -Hrs opaque retina w/ cherry red spot Vision- Light perception or worse Pupil- Relative afferent defect.
What is the Tx of CRAO?
Digital massage
Glaucoma meds
Call opthamologist
What is Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion?
Only branch of Central artery involved
Associated with an emboli
Source: Cardiac, talc, fat, vasculitis
Variable vision and Scotoma
What is char of Central Retinal Vein occlusion?
Severe vision loss. Onset subacute Blood and thunder appearance -disc swelling -diffuse retinal hemorrhage -venous engorgement -cotton wool spots
What is Optic Neuritis?
Idiopathic Inflammation of Optic nerve Associated with MS RAPD a classic sign Good prognosis Corticoseroids
What are the Subgroups of Optic Neuritis?
Papillitis
Retrobulbar Neuritis
What is papillitis?
Involves swollen optic nerve.; disc Edema
Afferent Pupillary defect
What is Retrobulbar Neuritis?
Monocular loss of vision
Pain on ocular movement
What is Papilledema?
Disc swelling w/ inc ICP
Good VA
Good Pupillary Reflexes
Untreated leads to vision loss
What is Ischemic Optic Neuropathy?
> 55yo
Sudden monocular loss of vision
S and S: Cephalplegia, scalp tender, jaw claudication, malaise, WL, low grade fever
Arthralgia
