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Opthomology > Acute Vision loss > Flashcards

Acute Vision loss Flashcards

1
Q

What disease is charicterized by a football shaped lense?

A

Astigmatism

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2
Q

What is the order of structures that light passes through on the way to the retina?

A 
Tear Film 
Cornea
Aqueous humor (anterior chamber)
Lense
Vitreous humor
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3
Q

What is charicteristic of Acute Closure Glaucoma?

A 
Acute onset
Severe pain
Mid dilated fixed pupil
Blurred vision
Halos around lights 
Headache
N/V
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4
Q

What is charicteristic of Corneal Edema?

A

Inc ocular pressure
Caused by Acute glaucoma
Mimicked by acute infection
Cornea becomes dull, ground glass

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5
Q

What is Hyphema?

A

Blood in anterior Chamber
Dec Visual Acuitydep on %
2/2 blunt trauma or neovascularization
Bed rest and

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6
Q

What is charicteristic of Lenticular changes?

A

Cataracts
Devt Slowly: Aging
Refractive change depending 2/2 osmotic shift

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7
Q

What is charicteristic of Vitreous hemorrhage?

A

Resolves slower than hyphema
DM w/ neovasc
Retinal detachment
Trauma

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8
Q

What is charicteristic of Vitreous Detachment?

A 
Vitreous separates from retina with aging
Causes "floaters" => shadows
2/2 Myopia
>45yo
Cataract surgery
Trauma
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9
Q

What are the types of floaters?

A

Fluid pockets
Vitreous strands
WBC deposits

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10
Q

What are the charicteristics of Retinal Detachment?

A

Photopsia and Floaters
Shade in visual field
Peripheral to posterior

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11
Q

What are the Char of Macular Disease?

A

Sudden visual loss from bleeding

Older Pts have macular Degeneration: Dry vs Wet

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12
Q

What is Amaurosis Fugax?

A

Temporary artery obstruction
Suddent transient vision loss
Monocular Dimming of vision

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13
Q

What are the components of Evaluation in Amaurosis Fugax?

A

CV
Cerebrovascular
Opthamologic
Migraine

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14
Q

What are the visual symptoms of a Migraine?

A 
Scintillating Scotoma
Amaurosis Fugax
Transient cortical Blindness
Homonymous Hemianopia
Classis or Opthalmic
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15
Q

What is Central Retinal Artery Occlusion?

A 
True ocular emergency
Sudden painless visual loss
Appearance dep on timing
-Mins-Hrs vascualr stasis
-Hrs opaque retina w/ cherry red spot
Vision- Light perception or worse
Pupil- Relative afferent defect.
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16
Q

What is the Tx of CRAO?

A

Digital massage
Glaucoma meds
Call opthamologist

17
Q

What is Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion?

A

Only branch of Central artery involved
Associated with an emboli
Source: Cardiac, talc, fat, vasculitis
Variable vision and Scotoma

18
Q

What is char of Central Retinal Vein occlusion?

A 
Severe vision loss. Onset subacute
Blood and thunder appearance
-disc swelling
-diffuse retinal hemorrhage
-venous engorgement
-cotton wool spots
19
Q

What is Optic Neuritis?

A 
Idiopathic Inflammation of Optic nerve
Associated with MS
RAPD a classic sign
Good prognosis
Corticoseroids
20
Q

What are the Subgroups of Optic Neuritis?

A

Papillitis

Retrobulbar Neuritis

21
Q

What is papillitis?

A

Involves swollen optic nerve.; disc Edema

Afferent Pupillary defect

22
Q

What is Retrobulbar Neuritis?

A

Monocular loss of vision

Pain on ocular movement

23
Q

What is Papilledema?

A

Disc swelling w/ inc ICP
Good VA
Good Pupillary Reflexes
Untreated leads to vision loss

24
Q

What is Ischemic Optic Neuropathy?

A

> 55yo
Sudden monocular loss of vision
S and S: Cephalplegia, scalp tender, jaw claudication, malaise, WL, low grade fever
Arthralgia

25
Q

What is Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy?

A

RAPD, pale, swollen optic nerve and altitudinal VF defect

Long prodrome

26
Q

What is the Tx of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy?

A

High dose systemic steroids
Temporal artery biopsy
Preserve other eye

27
Q

What is Giant Cell Arteritis?

A

Headache
Scalp tenderness
Jaw claudication
Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Opthomology (10 decks)

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