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pharm > Ocular Drugs > Flashcards

Ocular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

residence time

A

the amount of time a drug spends on the eye– goal is to increase residence time

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2
Q

issues with ocular topicals

A

corneal barrier (cant perm)
iris pigment
can be distributed by nasal mucosa –> systemic effects

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3
Q

issues with ocular ointments

A

hard to measure/dose
causes blurry vision for 15 min
diffic to apply
don’t refrigerate

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4
Q

ocular lubircants

A 
aka artificial tears
for dry eyes (oft caused by meds or contacts)
purpose: protect, heal wounds, lubricate
hypo or isotonic
some = vasoconstrict
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5
Q

cyclosporine

A

class: immunomodulator/anti-inflamm
MOA: inhib T-cells
indications: dry eye, transplants, RA, psoriasis
CI: allergy. class C preg
ADR: ocular burning, hyperemia, discharge, epiphora, pn, FBO, pruritus, sting

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6
Q

sulfacetamide

A

class: AB
MOA: bacteriostatic. inhib prot synthesis
indication: broad spectrum. conjunctivitis
CI: allergy. silver rx interxn
ADE: corneal ulcer, irritation, stinging, burning

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7
Q

Fluoroquinolones (names)

A 
Besifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Gatifloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Ofloxacin
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8
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Class: AB
MOA: bactericidal. inhib DNA gyrase
indication: broad spectrum. conjunctivitis, corneal ulcer
CI: allergy
ADR: burning, FBO, photophobia, blurry, tear, dry

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9
Q

Macrolides (names)

A

Erythromycin

Azithromycin

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10
Q

Macrolides

A

Class: AB
MOA: bacteriostatic. inhib prot synthesis
indication: broad spectrum. acute bact infection, neonatal gonorrhea/chlamydia
CI: allergy
ADR: irritation, redness

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11
Q

Aminoglycosides (names)

A

Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Tobramycin/dexamethasone
Tobramycin/fluorometholone acetate

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12
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Class: AB (+steroid)
MOA: bactericidal. binds ribosomal RNA
indications: broad spectrum. topical tx of bact infection (tobradex for inflamm conditions)
CI: allergy. tobradex = fungal or viral infect or mycobact infect
ADR: corneal ulcer, burning, conjunctivitis, hyperemia (rare: thrombocytopenic purpura, hallucinat)

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13
Q

Polymyxins (names)

A

Trimethoprin/polymyxin

Bacitracin/polymyxin

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14
Q

Polymyxins

A 
Class: AB 
MOA: bactericidal. increase mem perm
indication: broad spectrum. bact conjunctivitis, blepharitis, superficial infect
CI: allergy
ADR: irritation
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15
Q

Natamycin

A 
Class: Antifungal (only ocular)
MOA: fungicidal. binds mem and change perm
indication: fungal infect
CI: not fungal
ADR: poor GI absorption
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16
Q

Ocular Antihistamines (names)

A 
Emedastine difumarate
Epinastine HCl
Alcaftadine
Azelastine
Ketotifen fumarate
17
Q

Antihistamines

A 
Class: antihistamines
MOA: H1 receptor antag
indication: allergic conjunctivitis
CI: allergy
ADR: irritation, burning/stinging, redness, pruritis
18
Q

ocular NSAID (names)

A 
Diclofenac sodium
Ketorolac tromethamine
Flurbiprofen sodium
Bromfenac
Bromfenac sodium
Nepafenac
19
Q

ocular NSAIDs

A

class: anti-inflammatory
MOA:
indication: pn/inflamm after surgery, pn w/ corneal abrasion, blepharitis, allergic conjunctivitis
CI: infection, allergy (Bromfenac = sulfite allergy)
ADR: slower healing, keratitis, corneal melt, stinging/burning, lacrimation

20
Q

ocular autonomics

A

normal: normal pupils
anisocoria: 1 pupil blown
miosis: pinpoint
mydriasis: dilated

21
Q

Cycloplegics (part)

A

Class: Anticholinergic
MOA: weakens ciliary musc ( –> dilate pupil)
indication: diagnostic, corneal ulcer, uveitis/iritis)

22
Q

Glaucoma Meds (classes/names)

A

Prostaglandin analogs
Beta-blockers
Alpha agonists
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

23
Q

PG analogs (names)

A 
Latanoprost
Travoprost
Tafluprost
Unoprost
Bimatoprost
24
Q

PG analogs

A

Class: ____ (prodrug)
MOA: increase uveoscleral and/or trabecular outflow
indication: glaucoma/increased IOP
CI: allergy
ADR: macular edema, conjunctival injection, hyperpigmentation (esp latanoprost), eyelash growth, uveitis

25
Q

Beta-blockers (names)

A 
nonselective:
Timolol
Levobunolol
Carteolol
Metipranolol
selective(B1): Betaxolol
26
Q

Beta-blockers

A 
Class: Beta-blocker
MOA: beta-adrenergic antag (block B receptor)
indication: glaucoma, increased IOP
CI: heart prob, asthma, lung prob
ADR: inhib SNS
27
Q

Alpha agonists (names)

A

Apraclonidine (1st gen)
Brimonidine (2nd gen)
Brimonidine+timolol (2nd gen)

28
Q

Alpha agonist

A

Class: alpha agonist
MOA: improve aqueous humor outflow
indication: glaucoma, increased IOP
CI: pt taking MAOIs,

29
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (names)

A

Acetazolamide (oral)
Dorzolamide (topical)
Dorzolamide + timolol (topical)
Brinzolamide (topical)

30
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A 
Class: diuretic
MAO: inhib CA-II. decrease aqueous humor/Na and fluid transport
indication: glaucoma, increased IOP
CI:
ADR:
31
Q

Macular Degeneration (AMD) Rx (names)

A

VEG-F inhibitors:
Pegaptanib
Bevacizumab
Aflibercept

32
Q

Pegaptanib

A 
Class: veg-f inhib 
MOA: 
indication: wet AMD IOP
CI: 
ADR: endophthalmitis, increased IOP, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, photopsia, bronchitis, diarrhea, HA
33
Q

Bevacizumab

A

Class: Veg-f inhib
MOA:
indication: colon CA, glioblastoma, renal CA, off label AMD
CI:
ADR: infection, death, blood clot, GI probs

34
Q

Aflibercept

A

Class: veg-f inhib
MOA:
indication: wet AMD, macular edema after CRVO
CI: preg class C
ADR: conjunctival hemorrhage, eye pn, cataract, floaters, increased IOP

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