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Antibiotics part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

cephalosporins (names and generations)

A

1: cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefazolin
2: cefatetan (IV), cefuroxime (+/- axetil –IV/PO), cefaclor (PO)
3: ceftriaxone (IV), ceftazidime (IV), cefdinir (PO)
4: cefepime
5: ceftaroline

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2
Q

cephalosporin MOA

A

PBP inhibitor

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3
Q

1st gen cephalosporin indication

A

SSTI (impedigo 1st line)
cellulitis
zolin: pre-op

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4
Q

2nd gen cephalosporin indication

A

Group A strep
SSTI
early lyme
not really first line for anything

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5
Q

3rd gen cephalosporin indication

A

trioxone: gonorrhea (1st line)
tazidime: pseudomonas

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6
Q

4th gen cephalosporin indication

A

pneumonia

pseudomonas

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7
Q

5th gen cephalosporin indication

A

MRSA

CAP

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8
Q

cephalosporin ADRs

A 
N/V/D
c. diff
abd pn
hepatitis
candidiasis
pancytopenia
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9
Q

cephalosporin CI

A

anaphylaxis with PCN

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10
Q

Monobactam (name)

A

aztreonam

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11
Q

Monobactam MOA

A

PBP inhibitor

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12
Q

Monobactam indication

A

pesudomonas
septicemia
lower RTI

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13
Q

Monobactam ADRs

A 
V/D
c. diff
toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) -- rare
pancytopenia
weakness/myalgia
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14
Q

Monobactam cautions

A

renal dosing

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15
Q

carbapenem (names)

A

imipenem
ertapenem
doripenem
meropenem

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16
Q

carbapenem MOAs

A

PBP inhib

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17
Q

imipenem inidcation

A

sepsis, intra-abd infect

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18
Q

ertapenem indication

A

sepsis, intra-abd infect
pre-op
PID

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19
Q

doripenem indication

A

sepsis, intra-abd infect

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20
Q

meropenem indication

A

sepsis, intra-abd infect
pneumonia
SSTI
meningitis

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21
Q

carbapenem ADRs

A

N/V/D
c.diff
elevated LFTs
seizure

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22
Q

carbapenem drug interacitons

A

valproic acid

probenecid

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23
Q

macrolides (names)

A

erythromycin
clarithromycin
azithromycin

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24
Q

macrolides MOA

A

50s ribosomal subunit inhibitor

bacteriostatic until its cidal

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25
Q

erythromycin indications

A 
gastroparesis
CAP (1st line)
PCN-allergic AOM, strep
chlamydia in newborn
pertussis/diptheria
rheumatic fever prophylax (DOC)
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26
Q

clarithromycin indications

A 
H. pylori/duodenal ulcer (DOC)
mycobact infection (DOC for HIV)
CAP
PCN-allergic AOM, strep
pertussis/diptheria
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27
Q

azithromycin indications

A 
chlamydia
mycobact infection (DOC for HIV)
acute exacerbations of COPD
CAP
PCN-allergic AOM, strep
pertussis/diptheria
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28
Q

macrolide ADRs

A 
long QT
p450 3A4 inhibitor and substrate (clarithro and erythro)
N/V/D/cramps
SJS/TEN
seizure
interstital nephritis
hearing loss
dysguesia (clarithro)
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29
Q

Ketolide (names)

A

telithromycin

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30
Q

ketolide MOA

A

50S ribosomal substrate inhibitor

bacteriocidal

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31
Q

ketolide inidications

A

MDR strep pneumo (esp PCN-resistant)

CAP

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32
Q

ketolide CI

A

myasthenia gravis

liver problems

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33
Q

ketolide ADRs

A

liver and kidney probs/monitor

p450 metab

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34
Q

lincosamide (names)

A

clindamycin

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35
Q

lincosamide MOA

A

50S ribosomal inhibitor

bacteriostatic until its cidal

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36
Q

lincosamide indications

A

sepsis
malaria
AOM/RTI/strep (PCN-allergic)
SSTI and other anaerobe infections

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37
Q

lincosamide ADRs

A 
N/V/D (will get D)
c.diff
rash
jaundice/increase LFT
leukopenia, eosinophilia (rare)
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38
Q

tetracycline (names)

A 
tetracycline
minocycline
doxycycline
tigecycline
demeclocycline
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39
Q

tetracycline MOA

A

30S ribosomal inhibitor

bacteriostatic

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40
Q

tetracycline indications

A 
acne
animal bites/probs (lyme, vibrio, malaria, RMSF)
psittacosos/ornithosis
syphilis (in PCN= CI)
demeclocycline: SIADH
41
Q

tetracycline ADRs

A 
photosensitivity
N/V/D
hyperpigmentation
teeth discoloration
candidiasis
(doxy) black hairy tongue
42
Q

tetracycline CI

A 
expired meds (will pop the kidney)
pregnancy/lactation (cat D)
avoid with hepatic insufficiency
43
Q

tetracycline drug interactions

A

Al, Mg, Fe, Ca
diary products
anticoagulants
digoxin (some)

44
Q

fluoroquinalones (names)

A

ciprofloxin, ofloxin (2nd gen)

levofloxin, moxifloxin (3rd gen)

45
Q

fluoroquoinalone MOA

A

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase inhibitors

bacteriocidal (rapid cell death)

46
Q

fluoroquinalone indications

A

cipro: pyelonephritis, UTI

moxi/levo: lower RTI, CAP with comorbidities (1st line), HAP, pseudomonas, plague

47
Q

fluoroquinalone ADRs

A 
GI: N/V/D/cramps
CNA: HA, dizzy, insomnia, delirium
CV: torsades, long QT
neuro: polyneuropathy
BGL probs (up and down)
48
Q

fluroquinalone CI

A

peds

cipro: p450 probs

49
Q

fluoroquinalone drug interactions

A

Al, Mg, Fe, Ca

50
Q

Sulfanomide (names)

A

sulfacetamide
silver sulfadiazine
sulfasalazine
sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim

51
Q

sulfonamide MOA

A

PABA analog– prevents synthesis of folate b/c bact picks up sulfa drug instead of PABA
bacteriosatic

52
Q

sulfonamide indications

A 
uncomplicated UTI
toxoplasmosis
PCP pneumonia
travelers diarrhea
AOM
shigellosis
MRSA cellulitis
53
Q

silver sulfadiazine indication

A

prevention of bacterial infection of a burn (not tx!)

54
Q

sulfacetamide indication

A

bacterial conjunctivitis

55
Q

sulfasalazine indication

A

ulceritive colitis

56
Q

sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim indication

A

MRSA cellulitis
UTI
acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis

57
Q

sulfonamide ADRs

A 
GI
photosensitivity
bone marrow suppression (with radiation)
hemolytic anemia
SJS/TEN (rare)
meningitis
58
Q

Aminoglycoside (names)

A 
gentamycin
amikasin
tobramycin
neomycin
streptomycin
59
Q

aminoglycoside MOA

A

30S subunit inhibitor

bacteriocidal

60
Q

sulfonamide CI

A

pregnancy
folate deficiency
newborn

61
Q

sulfonamide drug interactions

A 
cyclosporine (decrease [x])
can block some ABX effects
phenytoin
sulfonylureas
warfarin (increase effect)
ACEI/ARB: affect K+
62
Q

aminoglycoside indications

A 
pyelonephritis
severe UTI with resistant org
opthalmic/otic infect
HAP with MDR (tobra if CF too)
sepsis with pseudomonas
63
Q

aminoglycoside ADRs

A

ototoxicity (neo, amik, tobra)
ataxia/vertigo (strep, gent, tobr)
tinnitus (first sign of ototox –> BAD)
nephrotoxicity (mainly neo)

64
Q

aminoglycoside caution

A

obese ppl: doesnt distrib well in periphery

65
Q

UTI drugs (names)

A

fosfomycin
nitrofurantoin
phenazopyradine

66
Q

fosfomycin MOA

A

inhib cell wall synthesis

bacteriocidal

67
Q

fosfomycin indication

A

UTI (uncomplic– E facelis and E coli)

68
Q

fosfomycin ADRs

A 
c. diff
N/D
HA
vaginitis
rhinitis
69
Q

nitrofurantoin MOA

A

goes intracellular: disturb RNA/DNA

bacteriocidal

70
Q

nitrofurantoin indications

A

UTI (uncomplic–E facelis, E coli)

good to use if preg

71
Q

nitrofurantoin ADRs

A

N/V/D
chronic hepatitis (rare)
IPF (long term use- rare)
neuro manifestations

72
Q

phenazopyradine MOA

A

NOT AN ABX!

73
Q

phenazopyradine indication

A

analgesic during UTI (decrease burn, itch, frequency, urgency)

74
Q

phenazopyradine ADRs

A

turns urine orange

75
Q

MRSA drugs (names)

A 
vancomycin
oxazoladinones
lipoglycopeptides
mupirocin
quinipristin-dalfopristin
colistin
76
Q

vancomycin MOA

A

inhib cell wall synthesis

bacteriocidal

77
Q

vancomycin indication

A 
MRSA
pneumonia
septicemia
c. diff
bone/joint infections
78
Q

linezolid CI

A

it’s a non-selective MAOI, so no deli meats, cheese, beer, wine, etc

79
Q

vancomycin ADRs

A 
red-man flush
phlebitis
renal toxicity
rash (rare)
ototoxicity (rare)
80
Q

oxazoladinones (names)

A

linezolid

tedizolid

81
Q

oxazoladinone MOA

A

50S subunit inhibitor

bacteriostatic and cidal (depend on org)

82
Q

linezolid indications

A 
MRSA
VRSA
VRE
strep (PCN-resist)
SSTI (with resist bact)
83
Q

tedizolid indication

84
Q

lipoglycopeptides (names)

A

oritavancin

dalbavancin

85
Q

lipoglycopeptide MOA

A

inhib bact cell wall cross-linking

86
Q

lipoglycopeptide indications

A

MRSA

SSTI (cellulitis, wound infect, abscess)

87
Q

linezolid ADRs

A

GI: N/V/D
pancytopenia
HA
lactic acidosis

88
Q

linezolid drug interactions

A 
SSRIs
TCA
tramadol
dextromethorphan
Epi/NE/DA
89
Q

oritavancin ADRs

A 
infusion rxn
c. diff
osteomyelitis
neutropenia
N/V/
HA
dizzy
worsen abscess
90
Q

oritavancin drug interaction

A

warfarin/heparin (increase effect)

91
Q

dalbavancin ADRs

A 
c. diff
infusion rxn
elevated LFTs
N/D
HA
92
Q

mupirocin MOA

A

inhib protein synthesis

93
Q

mupirocin indication

A

colonization of MRSA in the nose

impetigo (SSTI)

94
Q

mupirocin ADRs

A 
sting, itch, irritate
tingle, burn
sore
facial pn
post nasal drip
sinusitis
rhinitis
conunctivitis
95
Q

quinupristin-dalfopristin MOA

A

steogramin ABX
inhib prot synthesis
bacteriocidal

96
Q

quinupristin-dalfopristin indication

A

VRE life-threat

really bad SSTI

97
Q

quinupristin-dalfopristin ADRs

A

arthalgias/myalgias
hyperbiluribinemia
c. diff

98
Q

colistin MOA

A

increase membrane permeability

neutralize endotoxins

99
Q

colistin indications

A

last line defense for MRSA

Pharm (11 decks)

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