HIV drugs Flashcards
NRTI drugs (names)
Zidovudine (AZT) Abacavir (ABC) Didanosine (DDI) Emtricitabine (FTC) Stavudine (d4T) Tenofovir (TDF)
NRTI drug MOA
analog of nucleoside in virus
inhib HIV reverse transcriptase –> not viral replication
NRTI drug indication
HIV tx
HIV prophylaxis
NRTI drug ADRs
lipodystrophy (hypertrophy or atrophy) hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) lactic acidosis (rare)
Abacavir (ABC) ADRs
rash
maybe increased risk of MI
Abacavir (ABC) CI
HLA-B 5701 gene
screen before giving drug– if have it will prob get hypersensitivity rxn on 1st try
Stavudine (d4T) ADRs
lipodystrophy (very imp)
pancreatitis
peripheral neuropathy
Didanosine (DDI) ADRs
neuropathy GI intol pancreatitis possible increased MI possible portal HTN
zidovudine (AZT) extra indication
given to moms to prevent mom-to-child transmission
zidovudine (AZT) ADRs
HA
GI intol
lipoatrophy
bone-marrow suppression
Tenofovir (TDF)
renal pros
decrease bone-mineral density (watch for broken bones)
HA
GI intol
NNRTI drug (names)
Efavirenz (EFV)
Nevirapine (NVP)
Rilpinavir (RPV)
NNRTI drug MOA
inhib HIV’s reverse transcriptase
NNRTI drug ADRs
hepatotoxicity
SJS
rash
Efavirenz (EFV) ADRs
teratogenic (caution with preg)
neuropsych
dyslipidemia
neural tube defects in newborns
Nevirapine (NVP) ADRs
dangerous/severe/life-threat hepatotoxicity
rash (very common)
Rilpinavir (RPV) ADRs
some neuropsych (depression) but pretty mild
Integrase inhibitors (II or INSTI) MOA
affect virus’ ability to get into the cell–>virus cant replicate
integrase inhibitor drug (names)
Dolutegravir (DTG)
Elvitegravir/cobistat (EVG/COBI)
Raltegravir (RAL)
Dolutegravir (DTG) ADRs
HA
insomnia
rash/hypersensitivity rxn
Elvitegravir/cobistat (EVG/COBI) ADRs
decreased kidney clearance
increased risk of TDF-related nephrotoxicity
N/D
Raltegravir (RAL) ADRs
HA
N/V
CPK elevation, myopathy, rhabdomylosis
rash
Protease Inhibitors (PI) (names)
Atazanavir (ATV) Fosamprenavir (FPV) Darunavir (DRV) Indinavir (IDV) Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) Nelfinavir (NFV) Saquinavir (SQV) Tipranavir (TPV)
Protease inhibitor MOA
not sure
outside of RNA/DNA
affect the end of the virus life-cycle
protease inhibitor ADRs
metabolic stuff: hyperlipidemia lipodystrophy hepatotoxicity GI intol some increased bleeding (esp with hemophilia)
Atazanavir (ATV) ADRs
hyperbilirubinemia
PR elong
nephrolithiasis, cholelithisis (stones)
Fosamprenavir (FPV) ADRs
GI intol
rash
maybe increased MI
Darunavir (DRV) ADRs
rash
liver toxicity
Indinavir (IDV) ADRs
kidney stones
GI
metab effects (DM/insulin resistance)
Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) ADRs
GI intol
DM/insulin resistance
poss MI risk
PR and QT elongation
Nelfinavir (NFV) ADRs
diarrhea
Saquinivir (SQV) ADRs
GI intol
PR and QT prlongation
Tipranavir (TPV) ADRs
GI intol
rash
hyperlipidemia
liver toxicity
Tipranavir (TPV) CI
don’t use with hepatic insufficiency– can cause brain bleed
Fusion inhibitor (names)
Enfuvirtide (ENF, T-20)
Enfuvirtide (ENF) MOA
attach to cell wall– virus cell cant fuse with host cell
Enfuvirtide ADRs
injection site rxn
hypersensitivity
increased risk of bact pneumo
CCR5 antagonist (names)
Maraviroc
Maraviroc MOA
binds virus cell prot– prevents virus from attaching to host cell
Maraviroc ADRs
rash abd pn URI/cough hepatotoxicity musculoskeletal probs orthostasis (esp with renal dz) lots of drug interactions
HIV drug boosters (names)
ritonavir
cobicistat
ritonavir ADRs
GI upset
hyperlipidemia
highBGL
hepatitis
ritonavir caution
P450 3A4 inhib
cobicistat ADRs
GI
decrease liver fnx
cobicistat caution
P450 3A4 inhib
