Ocular Anti-bacterials Flashcards
What class of drug is Acetylcysteine (tyenol adott)?
Mucolytic (Breaks up mucus) used in the UK
General information about the treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Treat for 5-7 days
Redness, irritation, and discharge should improve in 24-48 hours
Do not wear contacts for the 1st 24 hours of Treatment
Do not touch your eye with the medication
Do not share medication
Tell me the MOA for Sulfacetamide solution (10%), or ointment.
Is a competive antagonist. The binding of sulfacetamide blocks the bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid thus preventing nucleic acid synthesis
(This medication is a broad spectrum bacteriostatic drug)
What condition is sulfacetamide used to treat?
Conjunctivitis
This Tx decreases infection time
What drug interaction reported for sulfacetamide?
Drug interaction: Silver
Do sulfacetamide have any adverse effects?
Corneal ulcers
Local irritation
Stinging and burning
Name six Fluoroquinolones used in the eye.
Besifloxacin Ciprofloxacin Gatifloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin Ofloxacin (Boys Certainly Get Lost More Often)
What are the most commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones?
Ciprofloxacin (solution,ointment)
Ofloxacin (solution)
Name the group of ocular antibacterials that inhibit DNA gyrase in gram +, gram -,and anaerobes?
Fluoroquinolones
Which fluoroquinolones would you not prescribe for a contact wearer and why?
Gatifloxacin and Moxifloxacin do not work against Pseudomonas areu infection which are more common in contact wearers
What are the indications that fluoroquinolones treat?
Conjunctivitis Corneal ulcers (specifically Levofloxacin 1.5% solution)
What the adverse reactions correlated to fluoroquinolones?
Transient ocular burning/discomfort Foreign body sensation Photophobia Blurred vision Tearing Dryness eye pain
Name two Macrolides?
Erytromycin (ointment)
Azithromycin (solution)
This group of drugs inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
What is Macrolides?
This small group of ocular drugs is prescribed for acute bacterial ocular infections and as a prophylaxis against neonatal gonorrhea and chlamydia eye infection.
What is Marcolides? (Specifically azithromycin is administered as the prophylaxis)
What is the contraindication for Macrolides, Fluoroquinolones and Sulfacetamides?
Hypersensitivity
Minor ocular irritation (1% - 2%), Redness, Hypersensitivity reactions are associated with what group of ocular anti-bacterials?
Macrolides
Gentamicin (solution, ointment)
Tobramycin (solution, ointment)
Tobramycin/dexamethasone (opthalmic suspension) Tobradex
Tobramycin/fluorometholone acetate (Tobraflex) belong to what group of drugs?
Aminoglycosides
If I wanted to bind the ribosomal RNA in order to kill a bacteria what murder weapon would I choose?
Aminoglycosides (it is a broad spectrum killer and will even take out Pseudomonas)
What do you need to know prior to administering Tobramycin/dexamethasone (opthalmic suspension) Tobradex?
Inflammatory ocular conditions are bacterial or at a risk of being bacterial
Why can’t I prescribe Tobramycin/dexamethasone (opthalmic suspension) Tobradex for ocular fungal, viral, or mycobacterial infection?
Fungi love love love steroids (Yum Yum)
Which Aminoglycoside may be to gentle for use?
Gentamycin (Some bacteria may have developed a resistance)
What are the general ADRs for Aminoglycosides?
Corneal ulcers, Burning Irritation Conjunctivitis Hyperemia
What are some of the rare ADRs for Aminoglycosides?
Thromocytopenic purpura (Low platelets that leads to easy and excessive bruising) Hallucinations
