Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Ocular Anti-bacterials > Flashcards

Ocular Anti-bacterials Flashcards

1
Q

What class of drug is Acetylcysteine (tyenol adott)?

A

Mucolytic (Breaks up mucus) used in the UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

General information about the treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A

Treat for 5-7 days
Redness, irritation, and discharge should improve in 24-48 hours
Do not wear contacts for the 1st 24 hours of Treatment
Do not touch your eye with the medication
Do not share medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tell me the MOA for Sulfacetamide solution (10%), or ointment.

A

Is a competive antagonist. The binding of sulfacetamide blocks the bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid thus preventing nucleic acid synthesis
(This medication is a broad spectrum bacteriostatic drug)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What condition is sulfacetamide used to treat?

A

Conjunctivitis

This Tx decreases infection time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What drug interaction reported for sulfacetamide?

A

Drug interaction: Silver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Do sulfacetamide have any adverse effects?

A

Corneal ulcers
Local irritation
Stinging and burning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name six Fluoroquinolones used in the eye.

A 
Besifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Gatifloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin 
Ofloxacin
(Boys Certainly Get Lost More Often)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the most commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones?

A

Ciprofloxacin (solution,ointment)

Ofloxacin (solution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the group of ocular antibacterials that inhibit DNA gyrase in gram +, gram -,and anaerobes?

A

Fluoroquinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which fluoroquinolones would you not prescribe for a contact wearer and why?

A

Gatifloxacin and Moxifloxacin do not work against Pseudomonas areu infection which are more common in contact wearers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the indications that fluoroquinolones treat?

A 
Conjunctivitis 
Corneal ulcers (specifically Levofloxacin 1.5% solution)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What the adverse reactions correlated to fluoroquinolones?

A 
Transient ocular burning/discomfort
Foreign body sensation
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Tearing
Dryness eye pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name two Macrolides?

A

Erytromycin (ointment)

Azithromycin (solution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This group of drugs inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.

A

What is Macrolides?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This small group of ocular drugs is prescribed for acute bacterial ocular infections and as a prophylaxis against neonatal gonorrhea and chlamydia eye infection.

A

What is Marcolides? (Specifically azithromycin is administered as the prophylaxis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the contraindication for Macrolides, Fluoroquinolones and Sulfacetamides?

A

Hypersensitivity

17
Q

Minor ocular irritation (1% - 2%), Redness, Hypersensitivity reactions are associated with what group of ocular anti-bacterials?

A

Macrolides

18
Q

Gentamicin (solution, ointment)
Tobramycin (solution, ointment)
Tobramycin/dexamethasone (opthalmic suspension) Tobradex
Tobramycin/fluorometholone acetate (Tobraflex) belong to what group of drugs?

A

Aminoglycosides

19
Q

If I wanted to bind the ribosomal RNA in order to kill a bacteria what murder weapon would I choose?

A

Aminoglycosides (it is a broad spectrum killer and will even take out Pseudomonas)

20
Q

What do you need to know prior to administering Tobramycin/dexamethasone (opthalmic suspension) Tobradex?

A

Inflammatory ocular conditions are bacterial or at a risk of being bacterial

21
Q

Why can’t I prescribe Tobramycin/dexamethasone (opthalmic suspension) Tobradex for ocular fungal, viral, or mycobacterial infection?

A

Fungi love love love steroids (Yum Yum)

22
Q

Which Aminoglycoside may be to gentle for use?

A

Gentamycin (Some bacteria may have developed a resistance)

23
Q

What are the general ADRs for Aminoglycosides?

A 
Corneal ulcers,
Burning
Irritation 
Conjunctivitis
Hyperemia
24
Q

What are some of the rare ADRs for Aminoglycosides?

A 
Thromocytopenic purpura (Low platelets that leads to easy and excessive bruising)
Hallucinations
25
Q

What is the MOA for Trimethoprim?

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
Blocks tetrahydrofolic acid production
Interferes with bacterial nucleic acids production
(Covers gram + and gram - bacteria)

26
Q

What is the MOA for Polymyxins

A

Increases bacterial cell membrane permeability
Leads to cell death (bactericidal)
(Covers gram - bacteria)

27
Q

Trimethoprim/polymyxin b sound like a dynamic duo what do they treat?

A

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis
Blepharitis
Superficial ocular infections

28
Q

What other formulation includes polymixin b and what does it treat?

A

Bacitracin/ polymyxin (sterile ointment)

Superficial conjunctival or corneal infections

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions