October 2021 Pt. 2 Flashcards
What change in lifestyle began in the late medieval period?
The shift from country living to towns, farming to trade and industry
What were Europe’s arteries form commerce and trade?
Rivers and waterways
Why did Europe’s arteries for commerce and trade start to break down the feudal order?
Towns were independent of feudal obligations and protections
What jobs were open to Jews because the Church saw them as non-Christian, and to what result?
Banking and money lending. It created even more resentment towards Jews
What was the Three Field System?
A way of planting two fields and leaving the third field fallow
What was the medieval system for tradesmen and business?
Guilds which regulated standards, trained craftsmen, guaranteed career opportunities while ensuring fair trade
What practice did medieval physicians use to “balance” the body’s “humors”?
Bloodletting
Who had the traditional power as healers in pagan Europe and how did the Church deal with their status?
Witches, they healed with herbal remedies and spells. They were labeled as agents of the devil.
Until the establishment of law courts and royal judges, how was justice handed out?
Through trial by ordeal or trial by combat. Social shaming was popular too.
What document did King John sign, why did he sign it and who made him do it?
The Magna Carta. He was pressured to sign it by his angry barons who demanded limits on the king’s power.
What role does Magna Carta play in our government today?
It set up the basis for constitutional and representative government.
What other important legal standards did the Manga Carta set?
Trial by jury/ writ of habeas corpus
What historical thing happened in Europe between 1347 and 1351?
The Bubonic Plague
From what did the Bubonic Plague get its name and how did it spread?
From the black, rotting flesh of blisters on the body and it was spread by infected fleas on rats
Who were the flagellants and what common explanation did they give for the cause of the plague?
A religious sect that blamed the plague on sinning and felt that God required them to suffer physical pain just as Jesus had
By what nursery rhyme do we remember the disaster today?
“ring around the rosie”
How did the plague benefit the common people who survived?
More job opportunities and freedom from feudal obligations
Who was the Hundred Years’ War between and what historic battle did the conflict date from?
Between France and England about claims on land dating back to the Battle of Hastings and William the Conqueror
What role did Joan of Arc play in the war and what happened to her?
A french peasant girl who convinced the king to follow her voices on war strategies. She was captured by the English and burned at the stake as a witch
How long did the Hundred Years’ War last and what was the outcome?
It was 116 years and England lost all territory on the European continent
What became of the Roman Empire and how is it known today?
It moved east. Historians call it Byzantine to distinguish it from the earlier period but they still thought they were Romans!!!
What were the advantages of Constantine’s new capital?
Being on a peninsula made it easier to defend and being on crossroads made it great for trade
What is Justinian I known for?
- His celebrity wife Theodora
- Rebuilding Constantinople after the blues/greens revolt
- Building Haiga Sophia
- Trying to reconquer lands in the west
- Revamping Roman law into Justinian’s Code
Were Justinian’s conquests successful?
Short term: yes
Long term: no it cost too much
What are icons?
Images made to represent religious figures
What is the split between the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Church and what was it about?
The Great Schism was about whether mass should be in Greek or Latin
What political reasons were behind the Great Schism and what did they do?
Claim of power by the pope over the Byzantine Emperor and the patriarch of Constantinople. In the end, they excommunicated each other
