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Social Studies > October 2021 > Flashcards

October 2021 Flashcards

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1
Q

What nickname describes the geography of the continent of Europe?

A

A Peninsula of Peninsulas

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2
Q

What series of events caused instability in Europe starting in the 4th century CE?

A

Barbarian Invasions - tribal groups pushed west and south from central Asia by the Huns

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3
Q

What did Clovis, King of the Franks, do that helped him control his kingdom?

A

He converted to Christianity which gave him political backing by the church

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4
Q

Who was Charlemagne and what did he do?

A

Charles the Great, grandson of “Hammer”, expanded the Frankish Kingdom into an empire

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5
Q

What happened on Christmas Day, the year 800?

A

Pope Leo ||| crowned Charlemagne “Holy Roman Emperor”

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6
Q

What caused Western Europe to fall apart after the death of Charlemagne?

A

His 3 grandsons split the empire and fought each other, then the viking raids began

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7
Q

What way-cool things enabled the Vikings to terrorize Europe?

A

Europe’s Geography of many navigable rivers & well designed viking ships

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8
Q

How far East did their influence expand? How far West?

A

East to Kiev (Ukraine), West to North America

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9
Q

What system localized power and protection arose from these uncertain times?

A

Feudalism!!!!

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10
Q

What brought the feudal system to England?

A

William the Bastard, later William the Conqueror, after the Battle of Hastings

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11
Q

What prompted the conquest of William, Duke of Normandy?

A

He had been promised the English throne by his cousin, Edward the Confessor, and was then double-crossed

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12
Q

When was the Battle of Hastings and what celestial visitor marked it?

A

In October, 1066, marked by Halley’s Comet?

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13
Q

What famous record do we have of the Battle of Hastings?

A

The Bayeux Tapestry

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14
Q

What were the results of the Battle of Hastings?

A
  • England was united under centralized control
  • French entered the language/culture
  • Feudalism established in England
  • The Motte and Bailey Castle became the standard
  • Set off conflict between England and France for 800 years
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15
Q

What made the feudal system stable?

A

Everyone had a place as a lord or a vassal and peasants produced food in exchange for safety

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16
Q

What did the term “knight” mean?

A

A warrior on horseback

17
Q

What were “serfs”?

A

Peasants who were “tied” to the land and were not free to leave their lord’s manor

18
Q

On what was the feudal system based on and how was it expressed?

A

Based on loyalty (lord/vassal)

Expressed: code of chivalry

19
Q

What was the basis for political alliances in the middle ages?

A

Families tied by arranged marriages and exchanges of fiefs for military support

20
Q

What was a motte and bailey castle?

A

An early defensive structure

21
Q

What were the features of a motte and bailey castle?

A

Bailey: fenced village surrounded by a moat
Motte: built up mound with a “keep”

22
Q

How did the castles change over the centuries?

A

The concept stayed the same but they were made of stone

23
Q

What was the economic system of Medieval Europe?

A

Manorialism, based on local self-sufficiency and centered around a lord’s manor

24
Q

How did the Roman Empire continue to exist after it fell in the West?

A

In the structure of the church

25
Q

How was Europe Christianized?

A

Missionaries converted some people by keeping their traditions and political leaders forced the others

26
Q

Who set up the “rules” for monasteries?

A

Benedict - A hermit who couldn’t get away from other monks

27
Q

How did the Church influence the lives of people of Western Europe in Medieval Times?

A

By performing the sacraments

required steps of salvation throughout their lives

28
Q

What distinguishes a cathedral from a regular church?

A

It’s the “seat” of a bishop

29
Q

What were three architectural features of a Gothic cathedral?

A

Vaulting from pointed arches
Huge stained glass windows
Buttresses to support exterior walls

30
Q

What was the basis of the conflict between Henry IV of Germany and Pope Gregory VII

A

Power over who could appoint bishops

31
Q

How did pilgrimages reflect the age of faith?

A

Travels to special places showed devotion

32
Q

What are holidays?

A

“Holy Days”

33
Q

With the revival of classic learning, what conflict did Thomas Aquinas try to solve?

A

Whether natural law can fit with gods law

Social Studies (11 decks)

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