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Social Studies > February 2022 > Flashcards

February 2022 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Nippon mean?

A

“Land of the Rising Sun”

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2
Q

What 3 geographic elements most influence Japanese society?

A

islands, mountains, and wet climate

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3
Q

What are 3 effects of Japan being an archipelago?

A

fish diet, settled late with an imported culture, and safe from invasion

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4
Q

What are 2 effects of Japan being part of the “Pacific Ring Of Fire?”

A

earthquakes and volcanoes

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5
Q

What are 2 effects of Japan’s wet climate?

A

culturally valued nature and beauty and great for growing rice

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6
Q

What was Japan’s traditional religion and what was it based?

A

Shinto based on nature, kami (spirits), and ancestor worship

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7
Q

From whom was the emperor descended and how did his power change over time?

A

from the sun goddess; he remained a religious leader with no real political power

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8
Q

Who was Prince Shotoku?

A

6th century regent to Empress Suiko who was ga-ga over all things Chinese

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9
Q

By the 9th century what was Japan’s feeling about China?

A

that the Chinese had nothing good to offer so they cut off contact

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10
Q

Who were the Fujiwara?

A

Clan that controlled the emperor by marrying into the royal family

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11
Q

What was Heian-Kyo?

A

The capital city, later called Kyoto

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12
Q

What is the Heian-Kyo era known for?

A

Japan’s golden age - culture centered on manners, rank, and beauty

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13
Q

What cultural elements were developed during the Heian-Kyo period?

A

Yamato-e - painting style
Tanka - poetry style of 5-7-5-7-7 syllables
Women Authors - Murasaki Shikibu / Sei Shonagon

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14
Q

What led to the end of the Heian era?

A

The Taira and Minamoto clans overthrew the Fujiwara, but Heian culture still continued

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15
Q

What elements make up written Japanese?

A

Kanji - “Chinese writing” full words characters

Kana - syllable sounds

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16
Q

How did Buddhism come to Japan?

A

The King of Korea sent monks and a Buddha statue to the emperor

17
Q

What was Amida Buddhism based on?

A

Faith - prayer to a deity-like bodhisattva to get you into the Western Paradise

18
Q

Why was Zen Buddhism popular with samurai?

A

Based on meditation and focused on inner strength while helping them overcome their fear in battle

19
Q

What is the samurai code of conduct called?

A

Bushido - the “Way of the Warrior”

20
Q

Who ruled Japan between the 12th and 16th centuries?

A

Daimyo (land owning lords) occasionally under the control of the shogun (military leader)

21
Q

What events challenged Japan’s feeling of security?

A

The two invasion attempts by Kublai Khan

22
Q

How were they able to defeat the Mongols?

A

Kamikaze (divine winds) helped destroy the ships and samurai were able to fend of soldiers that came ashore.

23
Q

What was the outcome of the wars against China?

A

Though the Japanese gained a sense of unity and national superiority, debt bankrupted the government and the shogunate collapsed

24
Q

When did Japan become reunited again?

A

In 1603 under Tokugawa Ieyasu

25
Q

What gave Tokugawa Ieyasu the advantage over his rivals?

A

Guns, though they did consider that cheating

26
Q

What did the Tokugawa Shogunate do to keep Japanese unity?

A

Banned foreigners and guns, redefined the samurai culture, and executed anyone who followed foreign ways (like Christianity)

27
Q

When did the Tokugawa Shogunate end?

A

In 1868 under the pressure of foreign trade and technological inferiority

28
Q

What was a woman’s place during the feudal period and later?

A

Though they could be samurai, they were considered inferior to men

29
Q

What act was expected of samurai to maintain his honor?

A

To commit seppuku (ritual suicide) for his lord

30
Q

What simple form of poetry was important to samurai?

A

A haiku, composed to be spoken just before their death

31
Q

What is the different of Noh and Kaubki Theatre?

A

Noh - mythical themes, wore masks

Kabuki - everyday themes, wore heavy makeup

32
Q

What did high eyebrows and darkened teeth signify?

A

Innocence and purity to Heian nobles

Social Studies (11 decks)

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