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A & P 2 Lab > OCTA 226 Midterm (Physical Dysfunction) > Flashcards

OCTA 226 Midterm (Physical Dysfunction) Flashcards

1
Q

A practice model that focus on musculoskeletal capacities that underlie functional motion in everyday occupational performance

A

Biomechanical Practice Model

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2
Q

study of the motions of objects and the forces acting on them

A

kinetics

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3
Q

Evaluation and Treatment used in the Biomechanical Practice Model are:

A 
Joint ROM
Endurance
Therapeutic activities
Strength
Orthotics
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4
Q

Goals of Biomechanical Practice Model

A
  • evaluate specific limitations in ROM, strength, and endurance
  • restore these functions
  • prevent or reduce deformity
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5
Q

Biomechanical Practice Model patient population:

A 
pt with intact CNS
orthopedic conditions
burns
lower motor neuron disorders
SCI
primary muscle disease
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6
Q

A practice model that focus on neurophysiological mechanisms to normalize muscle tone and elicit more normal motor responses

A

Sensorimotor Practice Model

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7
Q

Evaluation and Treatment used in the Sensorimotor Practice Model are:

A

reflex integration

recapitulation of otogenic Development

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8
Q

Goals of Sensorimotor Practice Model:

A

providing controlled input to the NS which is meant to stimulate specific responses

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9
Q

Sensorimotor Practice Model patient population

A

pt with CNS dysfunction (cerebral palsy, stroke, head injury)

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10
Q

an approach associated with the sensorimotor approach that focuses on the acquisition of motor skills through practice and feedback

A

Motor Learning

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11
Q

this approach addresses the volition and habituation and performance capacity components of the MOHO

A

Motor Learning

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12
Q

A practice model that focuses on using measures that enable a person to live as independently as possible despite residual disability

A

Rehabilitation Practice Model

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13
Q

Evaluation and Treatment used in the rehabilitation practice model:

A

intrinsic worth and dignity of person

restoration of satisfying and purposeful life

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14
Q

Goals of the Rehabilitation Practice Model:

A

help patient to learn to work around or compensate for physical limitations

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15
Q

Rehabilitation Practice Model patient population:

A

any patient population: used along with the other 2 approaches

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16
Q

client requires no assistance or cueing in any situation and is trusted in all situations 100% of the time to do task safely

A

Independent (Ind.)

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17
Q

caregiver is not required to provide any hands-on guarding but may need to give verbal cues for safety

A

Supervision (Sup.)

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18
Q

caregiver must provide hands-on contact guard to be within arm’s length for client’s safety

A

Contact guard/standby (Con. Gd./Stby)

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19
Q

caregiver provides 25% physical and/or cueing assistance

A

Minimum assistance (Min.)

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20
Q

caregiver assists client with 50% of the task (physical assistance or cueing)

A

Moderate assistance (Mod.)

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21
Q

caregiver assists with 75% of the task (physical assistance or cueing)

A

Maximum assistance (Max.)

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22
Q

client is unable to assist in any part of the task (caregiver performs 100% of the task for client physically/cognitively)

A

Dependent (Dep.)

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23
Q

purpose of this chart is to learn about a patient prior to seeing them, looking for pertinent info on pt

A

chart review

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24
Q

this type of weight bearing indicates that pt should be able to put full 100% of their weight on affected leg w/o causing damage to fractured site

A

Full weight bearing (FWB)

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25
Q

this type of weight bearing indicates that patients are allowed to judge how much weight they can put on affected leg w/o causing too much pain

A

Weight bearing as tolerated (WBAT)

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26
Q

this type of weight bearing indicates that no weight at all can be placed on the extremity involved

A

Non weight bearing (NWB)

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27
Q

this type of weight bearing indicates that only 50% of the person’s body weight can be placed on the affected leg

A

Partial weight bearing (PWB)

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28
Q

this type of weight bearing “no weight on affected leg; can rest foot on ground w/o putting weight through leg; affected leg may rest on ground during transfers for balance”

A

Flat foot weight bearing (FFWB)

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29
Q

this type of weight bearing indicates that only the toe can be placed on the ground to provide balance while standing; 90% of weight is on unaffected leg

A

Toe touch weight bearing (TTWB)

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30
Q

this type of weight bearing “UE restriction; do not put any weight through hand or wrist, but may bear weight proximally through elbow or forearm; must use platform walker; may not use hand to pull on bed rails or trapeze for bed mobility; no w/c propulsion

A

Platform weight bearing

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31
Q

Hip Precautions Posterior Approach:

A
  • no hip flexion greater than 90 degrees
  • no internal rotation
  • no adduction (crossing legs/feet)
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32
Q

Hip Precautions Anterior Approach:

A
  • no external rotation
  • no adduction (crossing legs/feet)
  • no extention
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33
Q

Bed Mobility in preparation for Transfer

A

recommended- supine sleeping position with abduction wedge or pillow; side lying with pillows
-rolling transfers (body moves as a unit)

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34
Q

Chair Transfer

A
  • recommended: firmly based chair with armrests
  • to sit: extend affected leg forward, reach back for armrests, sit slowly
  • to stand: extend affect leg forward, push off armrests, supports body weight with unaffected leg
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35
Q

Commode Chair Transfer

A

-recommended: 3 in 1 commode chair with armrests

-

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36
Q

Shower Stall Transfer

A
  • recommended: non skid strips or stickers in all stalls/tubs
  • enter: walker/crutches go first, affected leg next, followed by unaffected leg
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37
Q

Shower-Over-Tub Transfer

A
  • recommended: tub bench
    enter: sit on edge of bench, carefully swing legs over tub while observing flexion precautions, using leg lifter as needed
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38
Q

Car Transfer

A
  • recommended: bench seats, avoid prolonged seating, pillow behind back may be needed
  • To sit: push seat back/reclined position, back up to seat, hold on to stable part of car, lean back/extend affected leg, slide buttocks toward driver seats, UE & LE move as unit to turn face forward
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39
Q

first 30 days after amputation is referred to

A

Golden Period

40
Q

what are the benefits for prosthetic?

A
  • Decreased edema
  • Decreased postoperative and phantom pain
  • Accelerated wound healing
  • Increased prosthetic use and acceptance
41
Q

absence or loss of limb at birth, usually result of deficit

A

congenital amputation

42
Q

loss of part of all of extremity due to trauma or by surgery

A

acquired amputation

43
Q

bulbous benign tumor that may develop at the proximal end of a severed nerve

A

neuroma

44
Q

when amputee feels sensation coming from amputated limb

A

phantom sensation

45
Q

unpleasant sensation of burning and shooting pain as well as squeezing sensation in the part that was amputated

A

phantom limb pain

46
Q

shortening of ligaments and muscles which would otherwise allow for good motion at joint

A

contracture

47
Q

breathing that prevents air from being trapped in the lungs, helps regulate breathing pattern, reduce anxiety from feeling out of breath

A

Pursed-lip breathing (PLB)

48
Q

breathing helps strengthen your diaphragm; decrease energy used for breathing

A

Diaphragmatic breathing

49
Q

Pursed lip and diaphragmatic breathing is indicated:

A
  • difficulty breathing
  • COPD
  • Emphysema
  • shortness of breath
50
Q

What are the benefits of pursed lip and diaphragmatic ?

A
  • release trapped air
  • relaxation
  • keeps airways opened (ease breathing)
  • relieves shortness of breath
  • improves breathing patterns
  • prolongs exhalation to slow breathing rate
51
Q

Energy Conservation

A
  • environmental considerations
  • elimination of unnecessary effort
  • plan ahead
  • prioritize
52
Q

lower extremity amputee main focus

A

balance

53
Q

acute care focus

A

treating edema

54
Q

Energy Conservation:

A
  • prioritize: spend time wisely
  • plan:
  • pacing: spend time wisely (taking your time)
  • posture: better posture better use or muscle, less energy used
55
Q

Initial precautions/contraindications for individuals with pulmonary disease:

A
  • watch for dyspnea (painful breathing)
  • watch for cyanosis (bluish skin)
  • avoid chills & drafts
  • avoid exposure to fumes, smoke, or other irritants
  • avoid excessive fatigue
  • administer oxygen as prescribed
  • be aware of drug side effects
56
Q

Cardiac risk factors:

A
  • heredity, male gender, age (unchangeable factors)
  • cholesterol levels, smoking, high BP, inactive lifestyle (changeable factors)
  • diabetes, stress, obesity (contributing factors)
57
Q

the amount of energy used doing a physical activity is referred to as

A

Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) level

58
Q

permanent destruction of tissue caused by release of energy from external agent

A

burn

59
Q

skin taken from the same species (cadaver)

A

allograft

60
Q

skin from another species

A

xenograft

61
Q

the membrane from an amniotic sac

A

amniograft

62
Q

a person skin from an unburned area

A

autograft

63
Q
  • 1-5 days to heal

- not going to seek care

A

1st degree burn

64
Q

-14 days to heal

A

2nd degree burn (superficial partial-thickness burn)

65
Q

-21 days to heal

A

2nd degree burn (deep partial thickness burn)

66
Q
  • variable healing time
  • graft needed
  • large burn
A

3rd degree burn (full thickness burn)

67
Q
  • variable healing time

- amputation or reconstructive surgery

A

4th degree burn

68
Q

Edema Assessment:

A
  • burn etiology
  • medical history
  • secondary diagnoses
  • precautions from medical chart
  • extent/depth of injury
  • notes critical areas involved
  • hand dominence
  • previous functional limitations
  • sensory limitations
  • daily activities before injury
  • psychological status
  • spiritual and cultural values
69
Q

Edema management:

A
  • ace wrapping (most common to control swelling)
  • shrinker (compression to reduce edema)
  • removable rigid dressing (provide protection to residual limb)
70
Q

largest organ of body

A

skin

71
Q

pressure the blood exerts against the artery walls as the heart beats

A

blood pressure

72
Q

moving

A

isometric

73
Q

standing still (static)

A

isotonic

74
Q

Goal Setting:

A
  • let the reader know what you hope pt will achieve during therapy sessions
  • cover specific things you want to address during therapy
  • LTG by OTR during evaluation
  • STG written by OTA
75
Q

SMART stands for:

A
  • specific
  • measurable
  • attainable
  • realistic
  • timely
76
Q

Example of goal:

A

Current Status: Min assist toilet transfer
LTG: Pt will be mod I to complete toilet transfer with crutches to BSC
STG: Pt. will complete toilet transfers to BSC using crutches with CGA within one week

77
Q

patient need assistance to prepare for task

A

Setup

78
Q

patient uses adaptive equipment or staregies

A

Modified Independent

79
Q

occur when the bones ability to absorb tension, compression, or shearing forces is exceeded

A

fracture

80
Q

what causes lower extremity joint replacement

A

osteoarthritis and degenerative joint diseases

81
Q

When patient transfers on to toilet, what side should they use to get on and off?

A

weak side to get on toilet and strong side to get off toilet so when they have no energy left- they have their strong side left.

82
Q

what are the ROM terms?

A

within normal limits
within functional limits
impaired

83
Q

R

A

resistance

84
Q

GE

A

gravity eliminated

85
Q

0 on strength scale

A

no palpable muscle contraction

86
Q

1 on strength scale

A

feel palpation but pt cant move arm

87
Q

2 on strength scale

A

gravity eliminated through full ROM

88
Q

3 on strength scale

A

full ROM against gravity, no resistance

89
Q

4 on strength scale

A

against gravity, mod resistance

90
Q

5 on strength scale

A

against gravity, max resistance

91
Q

a condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints.

A

contracture

92
Q

AG

A

against gravity

93
Q

Assistance Levels:

A

Dependent- total assistance
Max Assist- 75% assistance
Mod Assist- 50% assistance
Min Assist- 25% assistance
Contact Guard Assist- physical contact for balance & safety
Supervision- verbal cues for safety & technique
Setup- need assistance to prepare for task
Modified Independent- uses AE or strategies
Independent- no assistance

94
Q

When completing lower body dressing after a hip replacement with AE and hip precautions which leg do you dress first?

A

affected leg followed by the unaffected leg

95
Q

When completing lower body undressing after a hip replacement with AE and hip precautions which leg do you undress first?

A

unaffected leg followed by the affected leg

A & P 2 Lab (6 decks)

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