OCR textbook - campaign for political rights (1) 1865-1900 Flashcards

1
Q

prohibition

A
  • major reason for develop. of suffrage movement
  • women introduced to greater public participation
  • foundation of womens christian temperance union (1874)
    -^^gave women valuable experience in publicity/mobilising support
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2
Q

1874

A

womens christian temperance union (WCTU) founded

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3
Q

WCTU in 1880

A
  • national organisation in 24 states
  • membership of 27,000 women
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4
Q

membership (women) increase of WCTU

A

1880 = 27,000
1880s = 168,000
1920 = 800,000

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5
Q

leader of WCTU & what did they achieve/how

A
  • frances willard

achieved:
- political aims –> persuaded local legislatures to ban alcohol

how?
- campaign involved political pressure eg. lobbying & mass meetings

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6
Q

important aspect of civil rights movement of 1950/60s

A

link between religion & political demands

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7
Q

rural & urban political involvement

A

rural
- women active in rural protests - esp. grange movement & farmer’s alliance
- women spoke at public meetings eg. railway expansion

urban
- charity organisation society

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8
Q

populist part

A

US people’s party founded in 1891 & represented discontented southern/western farmers

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9
Q

well known orator for populist party

A

elizabeth lease

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10
Q

unintended consequences of 14th/15th amendment for women

A

14th amendment = guaranteed equal rights but penalised states which denied rights to ‘any of the male inhabitants of such state’
15th amendment = stated voting rights couldn’t be denied ‘on account of race, colour or previous condition of servitude’ - did not mention sex

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11
Q

suffrage organisations

A
  • leaders of women suffrage campaign: susan b. anthony & elizabeth cady stanton
  • 1869 - NWSA founded
  • lucy stone & julia howard founded AWSA
  • AWSA & NAWSA merged in 1890 –> NAWSA
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12
Q

how was the suffrage cause weakened in the 19th century

A

divide between rival suffrage organisations NWSA & AWSA as aim was different

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13
Q

what did NWSA campaign for

A
  • national change
  • broader view & adopted feminist line –> opposing male domination in several spheres
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14
Q

what did AWSA campaign for

A
  • aimed to get women voting in individual states for state legislatures
  • one-issue organisation
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15
Q

susan b. anthony

A
  • quaker opposed to slavery
  • founded temperance society with elizabeth cady stanton in 1852
  • joint founder of NWSA in 1869
  • led united suffrage movement after 1890 as head of new NAWSA
  • gained notoriety for her arrest for attempting to vote in 1872
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16
Q

progress in some states - 19thC

A
  • individual states granted some women the right to vote eg. wyoming 1869 & utah 1870
17
Q

voting issue by women in 19thC

A
  • (test 14th & 15th amendments) susan b. anthony & ~150 other women tried to vote in 1871 & 1872
  • arrested & tried for electoral malpractice
  • late 1880s/early 1890s there was progressing on voting on local issues but these were hedged by restrictions
  • men saw women voting an unnatural & a distraction from their domestic duties
18
Q

groups of women opposed to suffrage

A
  • national asssociation opposed to womens suffrage (1911) –> 1 of largest & supported by special journal: ‘the remonstrance’
  • groups saw women’s rights as undermining the special place/respect for women in their work in the home, raising children & working for good causes
19
Q

other ways women faced opposition

A
  • (among some immigrants) catholics, supported by priests, saw suffrage reform as weakening the family
  • southern democrats disliked womens suffrage
20
Q

why did southern democrats dislike women’s suffrage

A
  • may introduce labour laws which would harm the south
  • work against restrictions it had imposed of AA (jim crow)
21
Q

how much progress had been made by 1900

A

suffragists made little impact:
- splits in organisations not entirely healed
- southern organisations unwilling to give AA the vote
- not complete agreement on which women should be eligible to vote
- progress made/groups organised BUT opposition had built up
- movement distracted by other causes eg. temperance
- links with temperance seen by some as too ‘protestant’