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Abnormal Psychology 3018 > OCD > Flashcards

OCD Flashcards

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1
Q

What disorders are listed in the Obsessive- Compulsive and Related Disorders chapter of the DSM-5?

A 
Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder (OCD);
Body Dysmorphic Disorder;
Hoarding Disorder;
Excoriation Disorder (Skin-Picking);
Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder).
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2
Q

What are some commonalities between the disorders listed in the OC and Related Disorders chapter? (3 things).

A
  • Repetitive behaviours or mental acts (that are difficult to stop).
  • They are highly comorbid with one another.
  • All are likely to be in first degree relatives (immediate family) of the proband.
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3
Q

If someone has an OC and Related Disorder, how likely is it that their identical twin will have the same disorder? What about a sibling?

A

Identical twins: 50%;

Non-identical: 20%.

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4
Q

What are the two most general symptoms of OCD and for a person to be diagnosed, do they need to present with both?

A

Obsessions and compulsions. No, only need one or both.

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5
Q

What is the DSM-5’s description of an Obsession? (2 things).

A
  • Recurrent, persistent thoughts/urges/images that cause distress.
  • Attempts to ignore, suppress or neutralise the thoughts/urges/images.
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6
Q

What is the DSM-5’s description of a Compulsion? (2 things).

A
  • Repetitive behaviours or mental acts that is performed to suppress an obsession.
  • They are not connected in a realistic way with the obsession, or are clearly excessive.
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7
Q

What two elements indicate that an obsession and/or a compulsion have become a mental illness?

A
  • They are time-consuming.

- They cause clinically significant distress or impairment in normal functioning.

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8
Q

To be considered clinically significant, how must time (per day) must a person spend on their compulsion and/or obsession?

A

More than 1 hour per day.

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9
Q

Why is OCD considered different to Anxiety Disorders?

A

Because of the compulsion to act in a specific way.

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10
Q

Sometimes, people only have obsessive thoughts, what do they do instead of a compulsion? (3 steps).

A
  1. Suppress the thought;
  2. check to see if the thought is there;
  3. recreate the thought.
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11
Q

What does POOR INSIGHT of the illness indicate?

A

It indicates that the illness will be hard to treat (poor prognosis).

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12
Q

What does tic-related OCD indicate? (2 things).

A

That the person probably had a childhood onset of OCD and they may have neurological deficits.

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13
Q

What are 4 common dimensions in OCD that have been identified as the focus of the obsession?

A
  1. Cleaning;
  2. Harm;
  3. Symmetry;
  4. Forbidden or taboo thoughts.
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14
Q

In the CLEANING dimension, what is the focus of the obsession and the compulsion?

A

Obsession: contamination focus.
Compulsion: cleaning, washing, showering excessively.

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15
Q

In the HARM dimension, what is the focus of the obsession and the compulsion?

A

Obsession: focuses on a fear of harm to oneself or others.
Compulsion: Checking.

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16
Q

In the SYMMETRY dimension, what is the focus of the obsession and the compulsion?

A

Obsession: Evenness, symmetry, alignment.
Compulsion: Repeating, ordering & counting.

17
Q

In the FORBIDDEN OR TABOO THOUGHTS dimension, what is the focus of the obsession?

A

Obsession: Aggressive, sexual, religious obsessions (that cause distress).

18
Q

What are two other compulsions?

A

Repeating routine activities (in and out of a door), specific body movements (e.g. tapping).

19
Q

What is an example of a ‘mental compulsion’?

A

Counting.

20
Q

Philosophical arguments claim there is one underlying theme of obsessions and compulsions, what is it?

A

Death.

21
Q

What is the lifetime prevalence of OCD?

A

2-3%

22
Q

What is the point prevalence of OCD?

A

1%

23
Q

25% of cases start by what age?

A

14.

24
Q

What differences does OCD have in men vs. women?

A

More common in women but men have an earlier onset (before the age of 10).

25
Q

What happens if someone with OCD does not get treatment?

A

It is chronic, will not leave on its own.

26
Q

At what percentage is OCD comorbid with an anxiety disorder? Depression/Bipolar?

A

Anxiety: 76%.

Depression/bipolar: 63%.

27
Q

What are indications of childhood temperament that can indicate OCD?

A

Highly negative and internal emotions.

28
Q

What childhood event can potentially cause OCD?

A

A traumatic event, often sexual.

29
Q

What is the Learning Theory model (Operant Conditioning) for the maintenance of OCD? (4 steps).

A
  1. Obsession causes anxiety.
  2. Compulsion relieves anxiety.
  3. Compulsion is negatively reinforced by the reduction of anxiety.
  4. But the anxiety comes back, due to attempts at avoidance.
30
Q

What is the Cognitive Model for the maintenence of OCD?

A

Everyone has strange thoughts, but most know they are irrational. People with OCD misinterpret the intrusive thoughts.
(Response to intrusive thoughts differ from the general population).

31
Q

OCD is also maintained by intolerance of ___, and inflated ___.

A

Intolerance of uncertainty; inflated responsibility.

32
Q

What is thought-action fusion?

A

Believing that a ‘thought’ is the same as an ‘action’. Feeling remorse after the thought.

33
Q

What is magical ideation?

A

Believing that something can magically happen.

34
Q

What medications are normally prescribed for OCD and what is their efficacy?

A

Antidepressants (40-60% benefit). In particular SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants.

35
Q

In CBT, what does Cognitive Restructuring do for people with OCD?

A

Challenge beliefs about intrusive thoughts (obsessions).

Challenge beliefs about consequences of not engaging in the compulsion.

36
Q

In CBT, what do Behavioural Experiments do for people with OCD?

A

They can prove to the patient they won’t carry out the obsession, because they don’t actually want to.

37
Q

In CBT, what is Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)?

A

Expose the person to their obsession, and prevent them from carrying out their compulsion.

38
Q

What percentage of people with OCD benefit from CBT?

A

75%.

Abnormal Psychology 3018 (29 decks)

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