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Medical Conditions > Occupational Medicine > Flashcards

Occupational Medicine Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Occupational Medicine

Hazard vs Risk

A 
Hazard = potential for harm
Risk = probability
Safe = of acceptable risk
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2
Q

Occupational Medicine

Pesticide (organophosphate) poisoning symptoms

A 
Anti-cholinesterase activity
Enhanced parasympathetic activity
−	Sweating
−	Blurring vision
−	Nausea + vomiting
−	Slurred speech
−	Muscle twitching
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3
Q

Occupational Medicine

Pesticide (organophosphate) management

A

Administer atropine or pralidoxime

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4
Q

Occupational Medicine

Work Related Asthma Causes

A 
Volatile isocyanates (paints)
Western Red Cedar (joineries)
Protein or related dust (bird shedding, flour) Contaminants in Al smelters (chemical plants) Epoxy resin hardeners (construction)
Sulfur dioxide (wine, dried fruit)
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5
Q

Occupational Medicine

Work Related Asthma Symptoms

A

Tightness in chest Difficulty breathing Wheeze

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6
Q

Occupational Medicine

Carbon monoxide Symptoms

A

Light-headed
Headaches
Flu-like effects
Late: rapid breathing & rapid pulse

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7
Q

Occupational Medicine

Carbon Monoxide Treatment

A

Administer 100% Oxygen

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8
Q

Occupational Medicine

Hydrofluoric acids symptoms

A

Irritant ⇒ liquid
Fluoride ions deplete cellular Ca and Mg needed for nerve conduction.

VF
Skin burn

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9
Q

Occupational Medicine

Western Red Cedar

A

Joineries

Work Related Asthma

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10
Q

Occupational Medicine

Protein or related dust

A

Bird shedding, flour, animal sheddings

Work Related Asthma

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11
Q

Occupational Medicine

Contaminants in Al smelters

A

Atmospheric contanminants
Chemical plants
Work Related Asthma

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12
Q

Occupational Medicine

Epoxy resin hardeners

A

Construction

Work Related Asthma

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13
Q

Occupational Medicine

What is Irritant Contact Dermatitis?

A 
Characterised by inflammation and destruction of the stratus corneum
Type IV (delayed type) hypersensitivity reaction
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14
Q

Occupational Medicine

What is Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

A
  • Occurs at the site of contact with an allergen (may spread if severe)
  • Sensitisation persists indefinitely and desensitisation is rarely possible
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15
Q

Occupational Medicine

Workplace Prevention

A 
Primary
- Cause / RF’s
- Elimination of asbestos
Secondary
- Progression
- Screening / monitory eg. Audiometry and follow-up of abnormal results
Tertiary
- Consequences / Cx’s
- Doctor’s area eg. Assisted return to work of a person with lumbar spondylosis
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16
Q

Occupational Medicine

Asbestosis

A

Occupational Cancer

Mesothelioma

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17
Q

Occupational Medicine

Sulfur dioxide

A

Wine, dried fruit

Work Related Asthma

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18
Q

Occupational Medicine

Hearing loss types

A

> 20dB indicates hearing loss
Conductive loss
- freq 1500Hz (eg consonants)

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19
Q

Occupational Medicine

Hardwood dust

A

Occupational Cancer

Nasopharyngeal Cancer

20
Q

Occupational Medicine

Ionising Radiation

A

− α-particles: low penetrance, can damage with inhalation of emitting gases eg. Radon
− β-particles (electrons)
− γ-rays (X-rays)

21
Q

Occupational Medicine

Benzene

A

Occupational Cancer

Myeloid leukaemia

22
Q

Occupational Medicine

Non-ionising Radiation

A 
− UV
− Visible light
− Infra-red
− Radiowaves
− Magnetic fields
23
Q

Occupational Medicine

Vinyl chloride

A

Occupational Cancer

Angiosarcoma of the liver

24
Q

Occupational Medicine

Contact Dermatitis Types

A

Irritant (75%)

Allergic (25%)

25
Q

Occupational Medicine

Volatile isocyanates

A

In Paints

Work Related Asthma

26
Q

Occupational Medicine

Silica

A

Occupational Cancer
Silicosis
Nodules of fibrosis in the upper lobes

27
Q

Occupational Medicine

General Hierarchy of Control Measures

A
  1. Elimination
  2. Substitution
  3. Isolation
  4. Engineering control eg. Ventilation
  5. Administrative control eg. cleaning the workplace
  6. Personal protective equipment
28
Q

Occupational Medicine

RADS causes

A

Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)

  • Ammonia
  • Chloride
29
Q

Occupational Medicine

Irritant Contact Dermatitis Causes

A
  • Water (frequent hand washing)
  • Heat and sweat
  • Low humidity
  • Soap, cleansers and detergents
  • Solvents, kerosene, thinners
  • Oils (especially mineral oils)
  • Cement
  • Dust and fibreglass
30
Q

Occupational Medicine

Allergic Contact Dermatitis Investigations

A

Patch Testing can reproduce allergy 48 & 96hrs after exposure

31
Q

Occupational Medicine

Allergic Contact Dermatitis Treatment

A

− Avoidance of the allergen
− Substitution of the allergen
− Prevention of skin contact

32
Q

Occupational Medicine

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

A 
− Metals (nickel, cobalt, chrome)
− Cosmetics (Perfume, Nail polish)
− Preservatives in creams and shampoos
− Hair dressing solutions / dyes
− Disinfectants
33
Q

Occupational Medicine

Water (frequent hand washing) can cause

A

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

34
Q

Occupational Medicine

Heat and sweat can cause

A

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

35
Q

Occupational Medicine

Low humidity can cause

A

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

36
Q

Occupational Medicine

Soap, cleansers and detergents can cause

A

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

37
Q

Occupational Medicine

Solvents, kerosene, thinners can cause

A

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

38
Q

Occupational Medicine

Oils (especially mineral oils) can cause

A

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

39
Q

Occupational Medicine

Cement can cause

A

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

40
Q

Occupational Medicine

Dust and fibreglass can cause

A

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

41
Q

Occupational Medicine

Metals (nickel, cobalt, chrome) can cause

A

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

42
Q

Occupational Medicine

Cosmetics (Perfume, Nail polish) can cause

A

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

43
Q

Occupational Medicine

Preservatives in creams and shampoos can cause

A

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

44
Q

Occupational Medicine

Hair dressing solutions / dyes can cause

A

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

45
Q

Occupational Medicine

Disinfectants can cause

A

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Medical Conditions (13 decks)

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