Cardiology Flashcards
1
Q
Cardiology
Reversible Cardiac Arrest Causes
A
4 H's - Hypoxia - Hypovolaemia - Hypothermia - Hyper/ hypokalaemia / hypocalcaemia / acidaemia 4 T's - Tension pneumothorax - Tamponade - Toxins - Thromboembolism
2
Q
Cardiology
CHA2DS2VASc
A
CCF Hypertension > 140/90 mmHg or on meds Age ≥75 years Diabetes mellitus Stroke or TIA or Thromboembolism prior Vascular disease (PVD, MI, aortic plaque) Age 65–74 years Sex category (i.e. female gender)
3
Q
Cardiology
CHA2DS2VASc Management
A
0 - Nothing or Aspirin
1 - Aspirin or Warfarin
2+ - Warfarin
4
Q
Cardiology
Aortic Stenosis
A
EMS Radiates -> carotid Sit/expire manoeuvre Develop pressure -> S4 & LVH LVHF -> crepitations
5
Q
Cardiology
Mitral Regurgitation
A
PSM Radiates -> axilla Roll manoeuvre Volume loaded -> S3 & displaced apex R & LVHF -> Crepitations, JVPE, liver, SOA Pulmonary HTN -> loud P2, RVH/heave & A-waves Atrial dilatation -> AF
6
Q
Cardiology
Mitral Stenosis
A
Mid diastolic Barely radiate Apex location Pressure -> tapping Roll & exercise manoeuvre Pulm HTN -> loud P2, RVH/heave & A-waves
7
Q
Cardiology
Aortic Regurgitation
A
Early diastolic Lower left sternal edge Volume loaded -> S3 & displaced apex Sit & expire manoeuvre LVHF -> crepitations
8
Q
Cardiology
Hypertension Pharmacology
A
ACEi ARBs CCB Thiazide Diuretics Betablockers - not first line
9
Q
Cardiology
ACEi Contraindications
A
pregnancy
angioedema
hyperkalaemia
bilateral renal artery stenosis
10
Q
Cardiology
ARBs Contraindications
A
pregnancy
hyperkalaemia
bilateral renal artery stenosis
11
Q
Cardiology
CCB Contraindications
A
Dihydropyridines (DHP) partial CI's - tachyarrhythmias - heart failure Non DHP - AV block (2nd or 3rd) - heart failure
12
Q
Cardiology
Thiazide Contraindications
A
Compelling - Gout Possible - glucose intolerance - pregnancy
13
Q
Cardiology
Beta blocker
A
Compelling - asthma - AV block (2nd or 3rd)) Possible - glucose intolerance - physically active people - COPD
