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Medical Conditions > Differentials > Flashcards

Differentials Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Differentials

Melanoma types

A

Superficial Spreading Melanoma
Lentigo Maligna
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
Nodular Melanoma

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2
Q

Differentials

Headache DDx

A 
Meningitis
SAH / Intracranial Haemorrhage
Tumour
GCA
Migraine
Cluster
Tension
Medication-overuse
Head injury
Sinusitis
Raised ICP
Trigeminal Neuralgia
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3
Q

Differentials

Syncope DDx

A 
Vasomotor (postural, vasovagal, drug)
Arrhythmias (VT, SVT, brady/heart block)
Neurological (Seizure, CVD)
Metabolic (low BGL)
Psychological (anxiety)
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4
Q

Differentials

Hepatomegaly DDx

A 
Nodular
- NASH / CLD -> Cirrhosis
- Malignancy (secondary > primary)
Tender
- RHF (pulsatile)
- Infection
CTD - Connective Tissue Disorder
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5
Q

Differentials

Hepatosplenomegaly or Splenomegaly DDx

A 
CLD + Portal HTN
Haem Malignancies & Disorders
- RC
- WC - LL (A,C, Lymph) & ML (A,C, MDS)
Infection
- HAV, HBV, HVC, EBV, CMV
CTD
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6
Q

Differentials

Enlarged Kidney DDx

A 
PCKD
Hydronephrosis
Diabetes
Bilateral RCC
Pyelonephritis
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7
Q

Differentials

ID History

A 
Country of Origin
Housing
Immunisations
Contacts
Travels
Occupation
Animals
Drugs
Sexual Hx
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8
Q

Differentials

Peripheral Neuropathy DDx

A 
Diabetes
Alcohol
Nutritional (eg B12 deficiency)
Guillain-Barre
Toxic (eg amiodarone)
Heriditary
Endocrine
Recurring (10% of G-B)
Amyloid
Pb (lead)
Idiopathic
Sarcoid
Thyroid
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9
Q

Differentials

Diarrhoea DDx

A 
Exudative
Secretory
Osmotic
Malabsorptive
Increased motility
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10
Q

Differentials

Haemoptysis DDx

A 
Resp
- Lung Carcinoma
- Pneumonia
- TB
- Bronchiectasis
- Abscess
- PE
- Trauma
CV
- CCF
Haem
- Coagulopathy
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11
Q

Differentials

Haemoptysis Ix

A 
Bedside
- Vitals x5, ECG
Bloods
- FBE, CRP, UEC, LFT, COAGs
Sputum sample
- MCS
Radiology
- CXR, CT, Biopsy or bronchoscopy
Others
- VATS - video assisted thoracoscopy + biopsy
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12
Q

Differentials

CXR Interpretation

A 
Name, date, orientation, rotation, penetration/quatlity
A – Airways
B – Bones
C – Cardiac silhouette
D – Diaphragm
E – Equal volume
F – Fine detail
G – Gastric bubble
H – Hilum
I – Iatrogenic
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13
Q

Differentials

CXR upper lobe opacification DDx

A 
-Right upper lobe bronchopneumonia
(klebsiella , mycoplasma, viral )
- Pulmonary tuberculosis
- Pancoast tumor
- Lung abscess
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14
Q

Differentials

Chest Pain DDx

A 
Cardio
- Angina & ACS
- Pericarditis
- Myocarditis
- Arrhythmia
Resp
- Pneumothorax
- PE
GI
- GORD
- Gastritis
- PUD
MSk
- Tietze's syndrome
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15
Q

Differentials

Chest Pain Ix

A 
Bedside
- Vitals x5, ECG
Bloods
- FBE, UEC, LFT, Trops, CK-MB
Radiology
- CXR, CT, Angiogram
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16
Q

Differentials

Murmur characteristics

A

Location
Character
Radiation
Manoeuvres

17
Q

Differentials

ECG Interpretation

A 
Introduction
- Confirm patient name & age
- ECG date
Rate
Rhythm - Sinus?
Axis - Deviated?
P wave
- Shape & size
P-R interval
- Prolonged or short (WPW)?
QRS complex
- Width
- Height
- Pathological Q wave (> 1 sm sq wide, > 2mm deep; MI)
ST segment
- Elevation (acute MI, pericarditis)
- Depression (ischaemia, digoxin)
T wave
- Inverted in I,II & V4-V6 (ischaemia, infarction, BBB, ventricular hypertrophy)
- Peaked (hyperkalaemia)
- Flattened (hypokalaemia)
U waves - In hypokalaemia
18
Q

Differentials

STEMI Mx

A 
Short term
- MONAS
- PCI or thrombolysis
- Cardiac monitoring
Long term
- Lifestyle mods
- BB, ACEi, Statin, aspirin / antiplatelet
19
Q

Differentials

CCF CXR Signs

A

Alveolar oedema
Kerley B lines (interlobular septal lines) Cardiomegaly
Distended upper lobe vessels
Bilateral pleural effusions

20
Q

Differentials

Exacerbation CCF Mx

A
  • Acute – Transfer to ED,

LMNOPP

Medical Conditions (13 decks)

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