Occupation

Question 1

What are the three main types of power?

Answer 1

Political- backed by law
Social- social Variable
Personal- job or role

Question 2

What can power be further divided into?

Answer 2

Instrumental- exert power to maintain authority

Influential- influence and persuade others

Question 3

What was Drew and Heritage’s theory

Answer 3

Workplace discourse

Three factors:

1: Goal Orientation- achieve a purpose
2: particular constraints- limitations
3: special inferential frameworks- knowing the pragmatics

Question 4

What are the two types of discourse mentioned in Drew and Heritage’s theory?

Answer 4

Backstage- behind the scenes

Front stage- public face

Question 5

What are the three types of talk?

Answer 5

Transaction- talk about work
Interaction- relationships, social talk
Phatic- small talk

Question 6

What is jargon?

Answer 6

Specialist Lexis of a particular occupation also known as restricted occupational Lexis when restricted to one occupation alone

Question 7

Holmes and Stubbe- 2003

Answer 7

When orders are being given, imperatives are common in blue collar environments (manual work)
In white collar situations, modalised forms are preferred

Question 8

Bax 1986

Answer 8

Powerful speakers will use politeness strategies to form good relationships with their subordinates

Question 9

Koester- 2006

Answer 9

When people try to get others to do something at work, they will use modalised indirectness

Question 10

Koester- 2010

Answer 10

Because the workplace is dominated by asymmetrical relationships, politeness strategies are frequently used

Question 11

Fairclough’s theory of power

Answer 11

Repressive power- indirect way of exercising power and control
Oppressive- open in its exercising of power and control

Question 12

Sinclaire and Coulthart- 1975

Answer 12

Structure of classroom discourse- IRF
Initiation
Response
Feedback

Question 13

Bhatia-1993

Answer 13

Written text can be broken down into the following:

1. Establishing credentials- how the company can meet customer needs
2. Introducing the offer- state the product, go into detail, how will it benefit the customer
3. Giving incentives- discounts and special offers
4. Enclosing documents- brochures…
5. Soliciting response- encouraging customer to get in contact
6. Using pressure tactics- deadlines
7. Ending politely

Question 14

Drew and Heritage - 1993

Answer 14

Inferential Frameworks
When someone has been in a job for a long time they learn to quickly interpret the jargon.
Permissible discourse- things that are acceptable to say in an institution

Question 15

Lave and Wenger

Answer 15

Communities of practice

1. Mutual engagement
2. Join enterprise/goal
3. Shares a repertoire

Question 16

How can humour help in the workplace?

Answer 16

Allows you to say things that would normally be face threatening 
Reduces social distances 
Increases workplace solidarity 
Lightens the atmosphere 
Enhances a speakers status