CLA Flashcards

1
Q

What are the phonological stages of development?

A

Vegetative -birth to 4weeks. Crying is a reflex response
Cooing- 4-7 weeks, isolated vowel sounds
Babbling- 6-12 months, reduplication
Proto words- 9-12 months, leads up to first words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of vowel?

A

Monophthongs- single perceived auditory quality

Diphthongs- personable change in quality during syllable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Label some phonological mistakes

A
Deletion of whole syllable
Substitution 
Addition of a syllable
Assimilation- one sound influences another
Reduplication 
Consonant cluster reduction 
Deletion of unstressed syllables
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was the Fis Phenomenon

A

Berko and Brown

Suggests a child’s comprehension is in advance of their physiological development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was Katherine Nelson’s theory?

A
First words can be put into 4 categories: 
Naming things
Actions
Describing
Personal 
60% of first words are nouns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Was there any criticism of Nelson’s study of first words?

A

Bloom- result reflect frequency of words used normally

Routine, parents and environment will influence first word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is over and under extension

A

Over extension: words extended to other objects to give a broader meaning
Under extension: baby restricts number of referents of a word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the types of overextension

A

Categorical- inappropriately extend the meaning to others in the same category
Analogical: extend a label from one item to another by connecting their functions
Mismatch: child makes a statement about one object in relation to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Three types of word formation in child mistakes

A

Conversion- create a new word from an existing one
Affixation- add an unnecessary suffix
Compounding- combing two words to describe something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe aitchinson’s building meanings

A

Labelling- child makes links between sounds and their referents
Packaging- child learns about range of words
Network building- child grasps connections between words, understanding similarities and differences between hyponyms and hypermyms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the grammar development stages

A

Holophrastic- 1 word
2 word stage
Telegraphic- small utterances
Post telegraphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did Braine theorise about the two word stage

A

Children use patterns of two word utterances to revolve around key words called pivot schema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the elements of a clause

A
Subject
Verb
Object
Complement
Adverbial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Question formation, what are the stages

A

Year 1: rising intonation
15-18 months- wh questions appear
Year 2: wh questions used with other words
Year 3: auxiliary verbs used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe formation of negatives

A

Bellugi- 1966
Stage 1- negative only at start or end of sentence
Stage 2: negative in standard place, some auxiliary
Stage 3: standard use of negative particle, tenses and auxiliary verbs used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe Bellugi’s development of pronouns

A

Stage 1- no pronoun
Stage 2- 1st person only
Stage 3- standard use of subject and object, all pronouns used

17
Q

What is morphological development

A

Building up parts of words, adding inflections

Bound morphemes- suffixes
Free morphemes- stand alone as words

18
Q

Describe Jean Berko Gleason’s experiment

A

Wug

Children apply knowledge of grammar to any word, even original

19
Q

Label some features of CDS

A
Intonation
High pitch
Avoid expletive
Slow speech
Interrogatives
Omission of past tense
Expansions
20
Q

Describe some theories of CDS

A

Nelson- 1973- children whose mothers corrected them developed slower
Crystal- too much interference can hinder a child’s learning
Clarke- Stewart- children whose mothers talk to them have larger vocab
Kuhl- babies turn to people who talk in a sing song voice

21
Q

Why is Papa New Guinea different for CDS

A

They don’t use CDS but children learn in the same way, questions importance of CDS

22
Q

Why is Genie significant?

A

13 years old, locked away with no contact
Tested the critical theory hypotheses
Genie’s vocab expanded once taught, but struggled with grammar
Knowledge retracted after she was further abused

23
Q

Stages of politeness and pragmatics

A
Year 1: gesture, deixis 
2 years: terms of address 
3 years, 6 months: auxiliary verb, no interrogative 
3 years, 9 months: interrogatives learnt
4 years, 2 months- politeness 
4 years, 9 months- hinting, guilt
24
Q

What are Halliday’s seven functions of language?

A
Instrumental- satisfy own needs
Regulatory- control behaviour of others
Representation- communicate information 
Interaction- begin or maintain interaction 
Personal- express personal feelings
Heuristic- seek knowledge 
Imagination
25
Describe Skinner’s theory
``` Children start as a blank slate Gradually develop language Use reinforcement Rats and pigeons Conditioning ```
26
What are the criticisms of skinner’s theory?
All children follow stages Virtuous errors occur Genie
27
What is Chomsky’s theory?
Children have an innate ability to learn Language universals Deep structure and surface structure help children learn
28
What are the supports and criticisms of Chomsky’s theory?
Children learn quickly Virtuous errors show innateness Criticisms: Feral children Environment Children with no interaction- Jim case study: son of deaf parents who’s development was severely retarded
29
What was Piaget’a theory?
Language abilities emerge when cognitive develops | Object permanence
30
What was Bruner’s theory?
Interaction isn’t Parent/ carer interaction is key Children all experience CDS Input from adult affects development Criticisms about other cultures question this theory