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Year 4 - Womens Health > Obstetrics > Flashcards

Obstetrics Flashcards

1
Q

What does term mean?

A

37-42 (usually)

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2
Q

When does a baby become post-term

A

40 weeks +

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3
Q

Quickening meaning?

A

Foetal movement

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4
Q

FM/RFM/DFM meaning

A

Foetal movement/ reduced/diminished

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5
Q

IUGR meaning?

A

Intrauterine growth restriction

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6
Q

What’s an ectropion

A

Columnar epithelium from the cervix meets squamous epithelium from the vaginal tissue

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7
Q

When is an ectropion normal?

A

Young person on contraception

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8
Q

What causes ectropions?

A

Hormones - oestrogen causes changes in tissue lining

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9
Q

When is an ectropion a problem?

A

An older lady who could maybe have an oestrogen secreating tumour

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10
Q

What is the transformation zone in relation to female reproductive system

A

Ectropion

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11
Q

Nabothian cyst meaning?

A

Lump filled with mucus on the surface of the cervix

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12
Q

What is a C-section

A

Surgical procedure either planned or emergency done to retrieve the baby if worrie of maternal or foetal health. Incision of the lower more fibrous part of the uterus

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13
Q

What is baseline bradycardia?

A

HR of <100

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14
Q

What is baseline tachycardia

A

Heart rate >160

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15
Q

What is loss of baseline variability

A

<5beats/min variability around the baseline

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16
Q

What is early deceleration

A

slowing of the heart rate which starts during a contraction and returns to normal after

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17
Q

What is late deceleration

A

Slowing of foetal heart rate after contraction occurs and doesnt return to normal after 30seconds

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18
Q

What is variable decelerations

A

Slowing of heart rate independent of contractions

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19
Q

How many categories of C section are there?

A

4

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20
Q

What is a cat 1 c section

A

Immediate threat to life of mother or baby
Delivery within 30 mins of decision needed

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21
Q

What is cat 2 section

A

Maternal/foetal compromise thats not immediately life threatening
Delivery within 75 mins

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22
Q

What is a cat 3 section

A

Delivery need but both stable

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23
Q

what’s a cat 4 section

A

Elective

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24
Q

When can you have an abortion

A

24 weeks onward

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25
Q

What date is the abortion act

A

1990

26
Q

How to get abortion signed of?

A

2 medical practitioners

27
Q

What medicine is given from abortion

A

Mifepristone followed 48hrs later by prostaglandins then pregnancy test in 2 weeks

28
Q

What surgical options are there for termination

A
  1. MVA manual vacuum aspiration (misoprostol +/- mifepristone cervical priming)
  2. Dilation and evacuation (d+e - IUD inserted after evacuation)
29
Q

What’s ECV

A

External cephalic Version
- breech/transverse to cephalic

30
Q

When is ECV given

A

37 weeks

31
Q

Is anti-d given for ECV in rhesus neg mothers

A

Yes

32
Q

Foetal causes of breech/malpresentaitons (4 foetal)

A
  1. Premature (small)
  2. Microsomnia (thin)
  3. Polyhydramnios (water everywhere)
  4. Multiple pregnancy (more room)
33
Q

How many stages of labour are there

A

4

34
Q

What is latent first stage

A

Cervic 0-4cm
Painful contractions (intermittent or continuous)

35
Q

what is active first stage

A

Cervix 4-10
Regular painful contractions
Usually 8 hours for nulliparous, 5 hours for multi

36
Q

What is second stage

A

Expulsion of foetal from full cervical dilation

37
Q

What is third stage delivery

A

Placental delivery

38
Q

Role of oxytocin in pregnancy

A

Induces dilation caused from baby’s head pressure on cervical os

39
Q

Types of SROM breaking (2)

A

Forewater (normal bubble at head that squeezes under pressure = gush)
Hindwtar (baby leg broke it = trickles down)

40
Q

What does green SROM suggest

A

Meconium staning, foetal distress

41
Q

What’s meconium

A

Baby poo

42
Q

5 symptoms of late pregnancy

A
  1. Nesting behaviour
  2. Mucous plug goes
  3. Baby droop/ relief off lungs
  4. Bowel habits change (diarrhoea)
  5. Backache
43
Q

What is PPH

A

Post partum haemorrhage

44
Q

How is PPH defined

A

Blood loss of >500ml after vaginal delivery

45
Q

What are the 4Ts in relation to PPH

A
  1. Tone
  2. Trauma
  3. Tissue
  4. Thrombin
46
Q

When does PPH happen

A

24 hours

47
Q

What tx is for PPH

A

Mechanical, medical and surgical

48
Q

Mechanical method for pPH (3)

A

ABCDE
Warmed crystalloid
Compress the uterus and catheterise pt

49
Q

medical methods of tx for PPH (4)

A

IV oxytocin
Egometrine slow iV
Carboprost
Misoprostol

50
Q

Surgical PPH

A

Balloon tamponade
Ligation
Hysterectomy

51
Q

When is the timeline for PPH

A

24hrs-6weeks

52
Q

What is the incision known as for C-section

A

Pfannensteil incision

53
Q

How many layers are there to go through before retrieving the baby

A

7

54
Q

What are the 7 layers of the c-section

A
  1. Skin
  2. Subcutaneous fat
  3. Rectus fascia
  4. Rectus abdominus muscles
  5. Peritoneum
  6. Lower uterine segment entered
  7. Amniotic sac
    BABY
55
Q

How many layers of the peritoneum are there

A
  1. Parietal
  2. Visceral
56
Q

What part of the peritoneum is cut through

A
  1. Parietal layer
57
Q

What’s a feature of the peritoneum

A

Highly vascularised

58
Q

Reasons for c-section?

A
  1. Breech
  2. Dysocia (prolonged and unprogressive brith)
  3. Placenta praevia
  4. Foetal distress (placenta separates, umbilical cord squeezed/pressed, strangling baby, inadequate blood flow)
  5. Multiple births
  6. HTN
  7. Uncontrolled
59
Q

When is a c-section usually done?

A

After 39 week gestation

60
Q

What is a Bakri Catheter

A

Balloon Tamponade

Year 4 - Womens Health (10 decks)

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