Contraception/HRT & Menopause

Question 1

5 ways to access contraception

Answer 1

1. GP
2. Family planning clinics
3. Sexual health clinics
4. Online
5. Pharmacy’s
6. School nurse

Question 2

3 types of barrier contraceptives

Answer 2

1. Condom
2. Femal condom
3. Diaphragm

Question 3

What types of pill are there?

Answer 3

2 types COCP & POP

Question 4

How does the COCP work?

Answer 4

• oestrogen p revents LH surge and thus prevents ovulation
• Progesterone also inhibits proliferation of endometrium and thickens cervical mucous

Question 5

How long can you take the COCP for?

Answer 5

3 weeks then 1 week off OR no need to until breakthrough bleed.

Question 6

How does the POP work?

Answer 6

Thickens cervical mucous preventing entry of sperm

Question 7

What’s 2 big advantages of POP

Answer 7

Can take alongside antibiotics and safer in most women

Question 8

When do women require contraception

Answer 8

Only after day 21

Question 9

When can you start the POP

Answer 9

Any time post partum

Question 10

Breast feeding and POP?

Answer 10

Small amounts deliver to baby but nothing harmful

Question 11

Contraception and POP and post partum?

Answer 11

21 days no need, POP can be started straight away but after 21 days additional contraception needs to be used for 2 days

Question 12

COCP and breast feeding

Answer 12

Only ok if 6 weeks + post partum.

Question 13

Why shouldn’t COCP be used in lactating mothers/

Answer 13

VTE risk and reduces breast milk formation

Question 14

How does COCP relate to risks of cancer?

Answer 14

Going on it increases risk of breast and cervical cancer, decreases risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer

Question 15

When can IUD be inserted post partum

Answer 15

48 hours or after 4 weeks

Question 16

What is the HRT patch?

Answer 16

Patch that lasts 4 weeks, worn every day and needs to be changed each week. 4th week patch not worn

Question 17

What iud/ius can be used as emergency contraception

Answer 17

Copper coil

Question 18

What can mirena be used for?

Answer 18

Contraception and HRT

Question 19

When is menopause defined

Answer 19

12 months no period

Question 20

How long does menopause last

Answer 20

7 years

Question 21

4 key symptoms of menopause

Answer 21

1. Hot flushes
2. Cognitive problems/ memory loss
3. Mood swings
4. Sleep disturbances

Question 22

When is HRT contraindicated

Answer 22

1. Breast cancer
2. Oestrogen sensitive cancer
3. Endometrial hyperplasia
4. Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding

Question 23

When is vaginal oestrogen used

Answer 23

Urogential problems

Question 24

2 types of hRT

Answer 24

Oestrogens (natural) & progestogens (synthetic, mirena, tibolone) patch/gel - transdermal preferred if risk of VTE

Question 25

What’s tibolone

Answer 25

Form of HRT