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Year 4 - Womens Health > Dermatlogy > Flashcards

Dermatlogy Flashcards

1
Q

Which skin disease is normally found on extensor surfaces?

A

Psoriasis

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2
Q

Which skin diseases are normally found on flexor surfaces?

A

Atopic eczema

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3
Q

What is Koehler phenomenon

A

Psoriasis where scratch has occured on the skin

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4
Q

Singular circle rash is known as?

A

Annular (granuloma annular)

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5
Q

Multiple circles of rash is known as?

A

Tinea (ringworm)

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6
Q

What does dermatomal mean?

A

In a dermatome distribution, area of skin supplied by a nerve

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7
Q

What is a macule?

A

Flat mark on the skin, lacking or overstimulating pigment can also be red, usually <1cm

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8
Q

What is a papule?

A

Small solid elevation of the skin, <5mm in diameter.

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9
Q

Describe Lichen Planus

A

Flat topped papule

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10
Q

Describe a xanthoma

A

Dome shaped papule

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11
Q

What is a nodule?

A

Similar to a papule but greater than 5mm can be oedematous or solid. (Raise in the skin)

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12
Q

What is a bulla?

A

Large blister greater than 5mm in diameter containing fluid

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13
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

Small blister <5mm in diameter, consists of clear fluid within or below epidermis (chicken pox)

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14
Q

What is a pustule?

A

Blister less than 5mm with a visible collection of free pus

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15
Q

What’s a furuncle?

A

Infected pustule

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16
Q

Example of a sterile pustule?

A

Pustular psoriasis

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17
Q

What is a cyst?

A

A nodule consisting of a epithelial-lined cavity filled with fluid or semi solid material

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18
Q

What is a plaque?

A

A palpable, plateau like elevation of abnormal skin >2cm in diameter, group of papules that coalesce = plaque

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19
Q

What is a scale?

A

Thickened horny layer (keratin) with readily detaching fragments.

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20
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Circumscribed area of skin loss

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21
Q

What is an arterial ulcer?

A

A.k.a gangrene in the arterial area, usually on lower feet/ankle such as toes, shins and other pressure points. Pinpoint, small, deep and painful. Regular borders.

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22
Q

What is a venous ulcer?

A

Usually an ulcer of the venous system, on foot/ankle larger more irregular borders. Found on malleolus usually. Large shallow less painful.

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23
Q

What is a malignant ulcer?

A

Tumour outstrips its own blood supply

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24
Q

What is lichenification

A

Shining of the skin due to chronic scratching

25
Q

What is purpura?

A

Extravasion of blood resulting in red discolouration of the skin

26
Q

What is ecchymosis

A

Macular red or purple haemorrhage more than 2mm in diameter (purpura but bigger)

27
Q

What is crust?

A

Soemthing easily wiped off, usually blood serum or pus

28
Q

What is an erosion?

A

Superficial break in the epidermis not extending into the dermis. Heals without scarring

29
Q

What is an excoriation?

A

Superficial abrasion often linear due to scratching

30
Q

What is a naevus?

A

A mole, normal hyperplasia of a normal constituent of the skin

31
Q

What bacteria causes impetigo?

A

Staph aureus

32
Q

What bacteria causes ecthyma and carbuncle?

A

Staph aureus

33
Q

What bacteria causes cellulitis?

A

Strep pyogenes

34
Q

What bacteria causes erysipelas?

A

Strep pyogenes

35
Q

What bacteria is included in the normal skin flora?

A

Staphylpoccoci (20%), micrococci, corynebacteria and propionibacteria

36
Q

What bacteria causes acne?

A

Propionibacteria acne

37
Q

What is a common viral skin infection?

A

Warts (verrucae)

38
Q

What herpes simplex virus causes cold sores?

A

HSV-1

39
Q

What herpes simplex virus causes genital herpes

A

HSV-2

40
Q

What causes shingles?

A

Herpes zoster

41
Q

What causes chicken pox?

A

Varicella zoster

42
Q

What is molluscum contagious

A

Water warts, caused by pox virus

43
Q

What des dermatophytes infect?

A

Skin, nails and scalp

44
Q

What is pityriasis versicolour

A

Pigmentary skin changes revealed by tanning in the sun

45
Q

Pedicures is another name for what?

A

Lice

46
Q

What acne affects the older popualtion?

A

Acne rosacea

47
Q

What are the 3 types of non-melanoma skin cancer?

A
  1. Basal cell carcinoma 2. Bowens disease 3. Squamous cell carcinoma
48
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A
  • firm nodule. Ulcer in the middle, pearly edge, takes years to grow, never metastasises
49
Q

Bowens disease

A

Crusted erythematous plaque, middle age-elderly patients, trunk and limbs

50
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Often develops on sites of previous sun damage, thickened keratotic nodule with a poorly defined edge. Dilated telangiectatic blood vessels

51
Q

Malignant melanoma?

A

50% of all UK cases, commonest on lower leg. Irregular border more than 2 colours, develops in a long standing freckle = lentil malignant melanoma

52
Q

Diagnosis of melanoma key points 6.

A
  1. Size (increase) 2. Shape (irregular) 3. Colour (variation) 4. Inflammation (may be at the edge) 5. Crusting (ooze/bleed) 6. Itch (common)
53
Q

What is the ABCDE criteria in dermatology

A

A= asymmetric shape B= border irregular C= colour variegated D= diameter greater than 6mm E=elevation of a flat mole

54
Q

Describe a patch

A

Larger than a 1cm, big and flat

55
Q

What is scabies?

A

Marks around the hand and groin area showing burrowing in the skin, linear white lines

56
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous tissue (adipose)
57
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the dermis?

A

Squamous and basal

58
Q

5 functions of the skin

A

Temp regulation, immunity, barrier, sun uv protection, vitamin D production, water loss prevention, attraction, sensation

59
Q

Lotion Bases in order 5

A
  1. Solution
  2. Gel
  3. Lotion
  4. Cream
  5. Ointment

Year 4 - Womens Health (10 decks)

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