Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies, Pediatric Emergencies

Question 1

Female, severe abdominal pain, sexually active, could be pregnant, pulse: 122, resp. 22, BP: 96/62, skin cool & pale. What should I immediately suspect?

Answer 1

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 2

Possible premature labor, 8 months pregnant, labor pains, baby not yet crowning. What do you do to determine if delivery is imminent or not?

Answer 2

Time her contractions

Question 3

Pregnant woman, vaginal bleeding, 8 months pregnant, moderate, bright red bleeding, Dr. was concerned about the location of the placenta. This condition is known as what?

Answer 3

Placenta previa

Question 4

27-yr-old female, 9 months pregnant, 1st child, contractions for 6 hours, has to use the bathroom. Should she use the bathroom now?

Answer 4

Advise the patient that this could be an indication that the baby is ready to be born and you need to check to see if the baby’s head is visible.

Question 5

If the baby’s umbilical cord is noted to be wrapped around his neck after the head is delivered, what should be done?

Answer 5

Try to slip the cord over the baby’s head and shoulder.

Question 6

You have assisted in the delivery of a full-term infant by suctioning the mouth and nose as the head was delivered and again following complete delivery. The infant is not yet breathing. What is the correct sequence of interventions?

Answer 6

Rub the infant’s back, tap the bottom of his foot, begin bag-valve mask ventilations, and check the pulse.

Question 7

When clamping the umbilical cord, the clamp closest to the baby should be approximately how many inche(s) from the infant’s body?

Answer 7

7 inches

Question 8

What should the EMT do to control maternal bleeding after delivery of the baby?

Answer 8

Apply direct pressure with a sanitary napkin over any perineal lacerations, allow the infant to nurse, if possible, massage the uterus until it is firm and grapefruit-sized.

Question 9

By definition, a premature infant is one who is born before how many weeks of the pregnancy?

Answer 9

37 weeks

Question 10

Supine hypotensive syndrome is easily prevented by transporting the pregnant female in which position?

Answer 10

Lying on her left side

Question 11

The condition in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall is known as what?

Answer 11

Abruptio placentae

Question 12

If the baby’s head is delivered with the amniotic sac still intact, what should be done first?

Answer 12

Use your fingers to tear the sac away from the baby’s face.

Question 13

What is the most common cause of seizures in infants and children?

Answer 13

Fever

Question 14

You are trying to ventilate an 18-month-old baby who has stopped breathing. You have laid him down on a flat surface to ventilate him, but you are unable to get his chest to rise. You should do what?

Answer 14

Place a folded towel under his shoulders.

Question 15

What is a consideration in airway management in the pediatric patient?

Answer 15

Keeping the nose clear of secretions

Question 16

What is true regarding the EMT’s approach to the pediatric patient?

Answer 16

An EMT does not have to attempt to obtain a blood pressure on patients younger than 3 years old.

Question 17

What are common causes of shock in infants and children?

Answer 17

Blood loss, infection, dehydration

Question 18

What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in the pediatric patient?

Answer 18

Respiratory failure

Question 19

3-yr-old, severe respiratory distress, cyanotic, painful stimuli response, according to mom child complained of sore throat earlier, fever since early morning. What is the best course of action?

Answer 19

Begin gentle ventilations w/ a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen.

Question 20

2-yr-old female, had seizure, no previous history of seizures, dad says child has been pulling at her ear and has had fever, about to leave for Dr when child had brief seizure, patient is drowsy, hot, flushed skin. What is recommended in the prehospital management of the patient?

Answer 20

Remove the child’s clothing down to her underpants or diaper.

Question 21

What is characteristic of preschool-age children?

Answer 21

They may believe their injury is a punishment for being bad.

Question 22

What are likely to be causes of respiratory distress in a 2-yr-old child?

Answer 22

Epiglottitis, a cold, foreign body airway obstruction

Question 23

Describe the events that occur during the first stage of labor.

Answer 23

Thinning and dilation of the cervix.

Question 24

What is the correct way to time the frequency of contractions in the pregnant woman?

Answer 24

From the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next.