Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Flashcards
1
Q
DSM5 criteria OCD
A
- presence of obsessions
- presence of compulsions
- obsessions and compulsions take up at least 1 hour per day
- causes significant impairment or distress
- can be either just obsessions, compulsions, or both
2
Q
obsessions
A
- recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, images experienced as intrusive
- unwanted and cause anxiety or distress
- attempt to ignore or suppress and neutralize thoughts, urges, images
3
Q
compulsions
A
- repetitive B or mental cts individual feels driven to perform in response to obsession or according to rigid rules
- B or mental acts = aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress or prevent the event
- not connected in a realistic way/too excessive
4
Q
prevalence
A
- lifetime prevalence = 1.6-2.3%
- 28.2% report experiencing obsessions and compulsions at some point in life
- onset = usually adolescence/early adulthood
- 90% meet criteria for another disorder (often anxiety or mood disorders)
- obsessions but not compulsions predict help-seeking B
5
Q
why do obsessions predict help-seeking better than compulsions?
A
6
Q
etiology - biological
A
- genetics
- brain regions implicated:
1. orbitofrontal cortex
2. cingulate gyrus
3. caudate nucleus
7
Q
brain regions involved in determination of OCD: reasons
A
- overactivation and dysregualtion of orbitofrontal-caudate circuit
- involved with impulses, decision-making, etc.
8
Q
etiology - behavioural
A
- obsessive-compulsive B develops because they reduce anxiety
- classical conditioning - negative reinforcement
- cycle of:
1. obsession
2. anxiety
3. compulsion
4. relief
9
Q
etiology - cognitive
A
- exaggerated estimates of probability of harm
- need to control
- intolerance of uncertainty
- thought-action fusion
- disconfirmatory bias
10
Q
thought-action fusion
A
- distressing thoughts become fused with the action, event or object
- having these thoughts produces the same emotions as if the event occured
11
Q
disconfirmatory bias
A
search for evidence that they performed ritualistic B incorrectly
12
Q
etiology: social
A
- family variables
1. controlling, overprotective with rigid rules
2. low parental warmth, hostile, overly critical
3. discouragement of autonomy
13
Q
etiology: sociocultural
A
- culture may influence how symptoms express
- African Americans show more concern about animals and contamination than European Americans
14
Q
treatments: biological
A
SSRI
- only 60% respond
- relapse if discontinued
- outcome improved when combined with behavioural interventions
15
Q
treatments: psychological
A
- exposure and response prevention (ERP)
- cognitive behavioural therapy
