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Psychopathology PSYC 340 > Historical and Contemporary Viewpoints of Psychopathology > Flashcards

Historical and Contemporary Viewpoints of Psychopathology Flashcards

1
Q

study of psychopathology

A
  • scientific study of symptoms, causes of mental disorders and available treatments
  • differences between normal and abnormal B
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2
Q

what is the study of psychopathology used for?

A
  • explains causes of abnormal B
  • predicts risk factors and long-term outcomes of abnormal B
  • can modify behaviour associated with mental disorders
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3
Q

historical perspectives of abnormal B

A
  • prehistoric and ancient beliefs
  • greco-roman thoughts
  • middle-ages
  • witchcraft
  • the rise of humanism
  • the moral treatment movement
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4
Q

prehistoric and ancient beliefs

A

events beyond control of humans are supernatural
- deviancy reflected the displeasure of the gods or possession by demons
demonology
- doctrine that evil being may dwell within a person and controls their mind and body
- treated by exorcism or trephining

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5
Q

greco-roman thoughts

A

Hippocrates:
- brain is organ of intellectual activity
- brain pathology = deviant B is caused by dysfunction of the brain
Plato:
- the mentally ill should be taken care of, not punished
Galen:
- scientific examination of nervous system and role of brain in mental functioning

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6
Q

middle ages

A
  • reverted to supernatural explanations
  • illness = punishment for sin
  • treatments = prayers, curses, exorcisms
  • group hysteria and tarantism
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7
Q

witchcraft

A
  • persecution of witches
  • believed loss of reason = due to demonic possession
  • people were accused, tortured and murdered
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8
Q

the rise of humanism: 14-16th centuries

A
  • humanism
  • hospitals take over churches’ responsibility to tend to the mentally ill
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9
Q

humanism

A

philosophical movement emphasizing uniqueness and worth of individual

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10
Q

conditions of asylums

A
  • poor conditions and treatments
  • chained, caged, starved, whipped, exhibited to public
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11
Q

moral treatment movement: 18-19th century

A
  • shift to humane care
  • important people:
    1. Philipe Pinel
    2. Benjamin Rush
    3. Dorothea Dix
  • believed patients should be treated with dignity
  • removed chains
  • replaced dungeons with sunny rooms
  • encouraged exercise
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12
Q

Philipe Pinel

A
  • believed patients should be treated with dignity
  • removed chains
  • replaced dungeons with sunny rooms
  • encouraged exercise
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13
Q

Benjamin Rush

A
  • encouraged humane treatment of patients in mental hospitals
  • patients should be gainfully employed while hospitalized
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14
Q

Dorothea Dix

A
  • social reformer
  • lobbied for improvement of treatment
  • oversaw construction of 32 hospitals
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15
Q

asylums in Canada

A
  • network of asylums eventually established
  • overcrowding
  • improper treatment
  • case of Ewen Cameron
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16
Q

beginning of contemporary thought: 19th century

A
  • biological view
  • psychological view
17
Q

beginning of contemporary thought: bio persepctive, Kraepplin

A
  • defines syndromes based on clusters of symptoms
  • each disorder has a unique physical cause, course and outcome
  • developed classification system based on physiological causes (basis of DSM)
18
Q

beginning of contemporary thought: bio perspective, General Paresis and Syphilis

A
  • if one type of psychopathology has bio cause, so could others
  • bio views gained credibility
  • become dominant theory
19
Q

beginning of contemporary thought: psychological perspective, Mesmer

A

theory of animal magnetism
- disruption in flow of magnetic forces in body, producing symptoms
mesmerism
- early practice which evolved into modern hypnotism

20
Q

beginning of contemporary thought: psychological perspective, Breuer

A
  • discovered that symptoms disappeared after patient spoke about past trauma while in a trance
  • greater improvement when talk about previously forgotten memories
21
Q

beginning of contemporary thought: psychological perspective, Freud

A

psychoanalysis

22
Q

current view on abnormality is determined by ____

A
  • distress
  • dysfunction
  • deviance
  • dangerousness
23
Q

distress

A
  • AB creates discomfort and torment
  • personal suffering
24
Q

deviance

A
  • not similar to others, according to stats
  • cultural universality
  • cultural relativism
25
Q

cultural universality

A

origins, processes, and manifestations of disorder = same across cultures

26
Q

cultural relativism

A

what is AB may vary from culture to culture

27
Q

dysfunction

A

AB related to impairment in some important area of life (work, relationships, etc)

28
Q

dangerousness

A

AB may pose risk to self or others

29
Q

importance of context

A

consider developmental and contextual factors

30
Q

“disorder” criteria, according to DSM

A
  • syndromes
  • persistence
  • duration
31
Q

disorder - syndrome

A
  • look for pattern, group of symptoms that appear together
  • significant disturbance in thinking, emotion regulation, B
  • clinically significant distress/impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning
  • not culturally expected
32
Q

multicultural psychology

A

recognizes influence of cultural identifiers on dev, health, mental health

33
Q

multicultural psych: how are we influenced

A
  • social conditioning (how we are raised, learned values, cultural expectations)
  • cultural manifestations and explanations of B
  • sociopolitical influences (prejudice, discrimination)
  • cultural biases in diagnoses
34
Q

positive psychological

A
  • focus on strengths and assets of individuals, families, communities
  • contrast deficit model
  • focus on resilience
35
Q

contrast deficit model

A
36
Q

focus on resilience

A

ability to adapt to very difficult situations

37
Q

recovery movement

A

people with mental illness can recover and live satisfying lives

38
Q

changes in therapeutic landscape

A
  • advances in psychotropic medications
  • increased appreciation for research
  • technology assisted therapy
39
Q

advances in psychotropic medications include

A
  • shift from exclusive in-patient to out-patient care
  • interest in biological influence on mental disorders

Psychopathology PSYC 340 (14 decks)

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