Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behaviour

Question 1

What is observational learning?

Answer 1

behaviour of a model is witnessed by an observer and the observers behaviour is subsequently changed (WATCH AND LEARN)

Question 2

What is contagious behaviour?

Answer 2

a more-or-less instinctive/reflexive behaviour triggered by the occurance of the name behaviour in another individual

Question 3

What is stimulus enhancement?

Answer 3

the probability of a behaviour is changed because an individual’s attention is drawn to a particular item/location by the behaviour of another individual (behaviour makes you aware of stimulus)

Question 4

What are vicarious emotional responces?

Answer 4

classically conditioned emotional responses that result from seeing those emotional responses exhibited by others

Question 5

How are vicarious emotional responses like high-order conditioning?

Answer 5

emotional reactions of others serve as conditioned stimuli

Question 6

When can observational learning occur during the aquisition of an operant behaviour?

Answer 6

when sensitive to consequence of models behav, whether observer recieves reinforcement for watching, observer has sufficient skills, personal characteristics of model

Question 7

When can observational learning occur during the performance of an operant behaviour?

Answer 7

we see model behav reinforced, if we will experience reinforcement, own history of reinforcement for that behav

Question 8

What is imitation?

Answer 8

copying the actions/behaviours of another

Question 9

What is true imitation?

Answer 9

a form of obervational learning that involves the close duplication of a novel behaviour

Question 10

What is generalised imitation?

Answer 10

the tendency to imitate a new modelled behaviour with no specific reinforcement for doing so

Question 11

What is anthropomorphism?

Answer 11

assuming human motives/characteristics when observing animal behaviour

Question 12

In the bobo doll experiments, which type of imitation was observed in the kids

Answer 12

true imitation

Question 13

In the bobo doll experiments, what reduced aggression in the trials

Answer 13

disapproving comments, and if disapproving parent was present in the room

Question 14

What is rule governed behaviour?

Answer 14

behaviour that has been generated through exposure to rules (language)

Question 15

What does the extent to which we follow instructions depend largely on?

Answer 15

the consequences that we have recieved for following instructions

Question 16

What are the disadvantages of rule governed behaviour?

Answer 16

instructions may only lead to rudimental knowledge, insensitive to actual contingencies of reinforcement in certain setting

Question 17

What are personal rules for self regulation?

Answer 17

verbal descriptions of contingencies that we present to ourselves to influence our behaviour

Question 18

What is say-do correspondence?

Answer 18

occurs when there is a close match between when we say we are going to do and what we actually do at a later time

Question 19

What are implementation intentions?

Answer 19

clearly specified when, where, and how statements about how a goal is going to be accomplished

Question 20

What are personal process rules?

Answer 20

personal rules that indicate the specific process by which a task is to be accomplished

Question 21

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 21

extent to which individuals have the competencies to perform a particular behaviour

Question 22

__ self efficacy, person believes that a difficult task can be mastered; __self efficacy, person avoids difficult task

Answer 22

high, low

Question 23

According to Bandura, how can people learn through social context?

Answer 23

using principles of classical and operant conditioning, observational learning, modelling and imitation

Question 24

What are the 4 key processes involved in Social Cognitive Theory?

Answer 24

Attentional, Retentional, Motor Productive, Motivational