Extinction and Stimulus Control

Question 1

What is extinction?

Answer 1

nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced responce (decrease response strength)

Question 2

What is extinction burst?

Answer 2

a temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented

Question 3

What are some of the side effects of extinction?

Answer 3

extinction burst, increase in variability, emotional behaviour, aggression, resurgence, depression, inadvertent strengthening of behaviour is extinction procedure is stopped

Question 4

What is resurgence?

Answer 4

reappearance during extinction of other’s behaviours that had once been effective in obtaining reinforcement (reappearance of successful behaviour)

Question 5

What is resistance to extinction?

Answer 5

extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented (persistent response)

Question 6

What is partial reinforcement effect?

Answer 6

behaviour that has been maintained on an intermediate schedule of reinforcement, will extinguish slower than behaviour maintained on a continuous schedule (less frequent, longer it takes to realise its gone)

Question 7

The _ reinforcers, the _ the resistance to extinction

Answer 7

more, greater

Question 8

The _ the level of deprivation, the _ resistance to extinction

Answer 8

greater, greater

Question 9

What is spontaneous recovery?

Answer 9

the reapearrance of an extinguished response following a rest period after extinction (repeated efforts required for learning due to presence of discriminative stimulus)

Question 10

What is differential reinforcement of Other Behaviour?

Answer 10

enhancement to extinction process by both extinguishing target behaviour and reinforcing the occursance of a replacement behaviour (simultaneously extinguish one and reinforce another)

Question 11

What occurs during functional communication training?

Answer 11

the behaviour of clearly and appropriately communicating one’s desires is differentially reinforced

Question 12

How does the discriminative stimulus increase the likelyhood of a behaviour occuring?

Answer 12

it signals availability of reinforcement to increase probability of response

Question 13

What is stimulus control?

Answer 13

the presence of the discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of the behaviour

Question 14

What is stimulus generalisation?

Answer 14

the tendency for an operant response to be emitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to the discriminative stimulus (more simlar,stronger)

Question 15

What is stimulus discrimination

Answer 15

tendency for an operant response to be emitted more in the presence of one stimulus than another (more generalised, less descrimination)

Question 16

What is discrimination training?

Answer 16

as applied to operant conditioning, involves reinforcement of responding in the presence of one stimulus and not another

Question 17

What is the peak-shift effect?

Answer 17

the peak of a generalisation gradient following discrimination training will shift from the discriminative stimulus to a stimulus that is further removed from the discriminative stimulus for extinction

Question 18

What is a multiple schedule

Answer 18

consists of two or more independant schedules presented in sequence, each resulting in reinforcement and each having a distinctive discriminative stimulus

Question 19

What is behavioural contract?

Answer 19

occurs when a change in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an opposite change in the rate of response on another component

Question 20

What is a negative contract effect?

Answer 20

INCREASE in the rate of reinforcement for one component produces a DECREASE in the rate of response on another component

Question 21

What is positive contact effect?

Answer 21

DECREASE in the rate of reinforcement of one component produces an INCREASE in the rate of responce on the other component

Question 22

What is anticipatory contrast?

Answer 22

rate of response varies inversely with an upcoming change in rate of response (anticipation of change)

Question 23

What is errorless discrimination training?

Answer 23

gradual training procedure that minimises the number of errors (nonreinforced responses to the discriminative stimulus) and reduces adverse effects associated with discrimination training

Question 24

What is fading?

Answer 24

process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus

Question 25

What are some additional applications of stimulus control?

Answer 25

animal training for public performance, targeting, medication compliance, eating behaviours