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Learning > Ch3: Elicited Behaviours and Classical Conditioning > Flashcards

Ch3: Elicited Behaviours and Classical Conditioning Flashcards

1
Q

What is elicited behaviour?

A

behaviour drowned out by a preceding stimulus (responsive behaviour)

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2
Q

What is reflex?

A

relatively simple, automatic response to a stimulus

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3
Q

What is a startle response?

A

a defensive reaction to a sudden, unexpected stimulus

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4
Q

What is an orienting response?

A

when we automatically position ourselves to facilitate attending to a stimulus

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5
Q

What is a flexion response?

A

automatically jerk hand/foot away from a hot/sharp object that we have inadvertently contacted and the aformentioned startle reaction (fight/flight)

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6
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

a neural structure underlying some reflexes that consists of a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron

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7
Q

What is a fixed action pattern?

A

a fixed sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus

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8
Q

What is a sign stimulus?

A

specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern (species specific behaviours) - also called releaser

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9
Q

What is habituation?

A

a decrease in the strength of an elicited behaviour following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus

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10
Q

What is sensitisation?

A

an increase in the strength of an elicted behaviour following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus

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11
Q

What is short-term habituation?

A

the responce quickly decreases as a result of repeated stimulation and the ability to respond then quickly recovers in the absence of stimulation (continuous/narrowly spaced)

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12
Q

What is long-term habituation?

A

the response slowly decreases as a result of repeated stimulation and the ability to respond then slowly recovers in the absence of stimulation (gradual/paced)

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13
Q

What is dishabituation?

A

habituated responses can also reappear following the presentation of a seemingly irrelevant novel stimulus (INTERUPTION)

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14
Q

What factors can affect habituation and sensitisation?

A

intensity of stimulus, and evolutionary significance of the stimulus

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15
Q

Explain opponent process theory?

A

proposes that an emotional event elicits two competing processes: a - primary, directly elicited by event, & b - opponent - elicited by the a process and serves to counteract

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16
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

a stimulus comes to elicit a responce because it has been paired with (or associated) with another stimulus

17
Q

What is an unconditional reflex?

A

consists of an US and an UR

18
Q

What is a conditioned reflex?

A

consists of a CS and CR

19
Q

What is appetitive conditioning

A

the unconditioned stimulus is an appetitive event (seeks out - eg overeating)

20
Q

What is aversive conditioning?

A

the unconditioned stimulus is an aversive event (avoid - eg fears)

21
Q

What is the equation for suppression ratio?

A

No. of CS responses / (No. of CS responses + No. of pre- CS responses)… lower ration=greater supression

22
Q

What is the reinforcement affect model of attraction?

A

the extent to which we are attracted to someone can be significantly affected by the degree to which the person is associated with events that elicit positive emotions

23
Q

What is excitatory conditioning?

A

conditioning in which the neutral stimulus is associated with the presentation of an US (CS comes to elicit a certain response - NS becomes CS)

24
Q

What is inhibitory conditioning?

A

conditioning in which the neutral stimulus is associated with the absense or removal of a US (another CS comes to inhibit the occurance of a certain stimulus

25
Q

What is delayed conditioning?

A

the onset of the NS precedes the onset of the US and the two stimuli overlap (most effective)

26
Q

What is trace conditioning?

A

the onset and offset of the NS precedes the onset of the US (NS before US - no overlap)

27
Q

What is simultaneous conditioning?

A

the onset of the NS and onset of the US occurs simultaneously (coincide exactly)

28
Q

What is backward conditioning?

A

the onset of the NS, follows the onset of the US (US first, NS second - least effective)

29
Q

What is temporal conditioning?

A

a form of CC in which the CS is the passage of time

30
Q

What is pseudoconditioning?

A

an elicited response that appears to be a CR is actually the result of sensitisation rather than conditioning

31
Q

What is rote learning?

A

repetition of particular stimuli

32
Q

Define aquisition.

A

initial stage of learning

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