Ch1: IntroL

Question 1

Define learning.

Answer 1

relatively permanent change in behaviour that results from some type of experience (can be immediate or delayed and focuses on processes)

Question 2

Define behaviour.

Answer 2

any activity of an organism that can be observed or somehow measured.

Question 3

What were Artistole’s 4 laws of association?

Answer 3

Similarity, contrast, contiguity, frequency

Question 4

How did the British Empiricists view learning?

Answer 4

all knowledge is a function of experience

Question 5

What is functionalism?

Answer 5

involves the processes involved with the adaption of the mind JAMES

Question 6

What is behaviourism?

Answer 6

prediction and control of behaviour (observable behaviour) WATSON

Question 7

What does introspection involve?

Answer 7

ppl trained to describe thoughts/feelings related to a particular stimuli

Question 8

What is structualism?

Answer 8

possible to determine structure of the mind by identifying the basic elements that compose it WUNDT

Question 9

Describe Watson’s methodological behaviourism.

Answer 9

only observable behaviour, clear research questions, internal/unconscious drives excluded from analysis, stimulus-responce theory

Question 10

Describe Hull’s Neobehaviourism.

Answer 10

operationalising unobservable constructs, utilises intervening variables in the form of hypothesised physiological processes to help explain behaviour, needs reinforcement

Question 11

Describe Tolman’s cognitive behaviourism.

Answer 11

“whole is more than the sum of it’s parts”, intervening variables in the form of hypothesised cognitive processes, overall pattern of behaviour directed towards particular outcomes, cognitive map

Question 12

What is latent learning?

Answer 12

learning despite the absence of evidence of learning

Question 13

What does Bandura’s SLT involve?

Answer 13

observational learning and cognitive variables in explaining human behaviour

Question 14

What is reciprocal determination?

Answer 14

assumption that environmental events, observable behaviour and person variables reciprocally influence each other

Question 15

What does Skinner’s radical behaviouralism involve?

Answer 15

emphasises the influence of environment on observable behaviour, and rejects the use of internal events to explain behaviour and views thoughts and feelings as behaviours that need to be explained

Question 16

How did Skinner view internal events?

Answer 16

they can be included in analysis only if used as “another behaviour” alonf with overt behaviours (eg overt and covert = same rules)

Question 17

What is countercontrol?

Answer 17

manipulation of environmental events to alter/impact on behaviour

Question 18

How is operant conditioning like natural selection?

Answer 18

adaptive behaviours tend to be reinforced

Question 19

What is behavioural analysis?

Answer 19

basic science that grew out of radical behaviourism (principles of operant conditioning)

Question 20

What is applied behavioural analysis?

Answer 20

technology of behaviour in which basic principles of behaviour are applied to analysising and solving real life problems (behaviour modification)