Observation & Measurement 1 Flashcards
Behavior assessment
Approach to validly observing, measuring and recording behavior
Operational Definition
A statement that specifies exactly what behavior to observe
Method of Direct observation:
1) Direct Measures
A) Continuous measures
B) Discontinuous measures
Continuous Measures (direct measure)
Records ALL instances of behavior
-Frequency recording (||||||)
-Duration recording 🕚
-Latency Recording 🕚💬
-Intensity Recording 💥📏
Frequency Recording
(Continuous Measure)
|||| |||| |||| ||||
Recording EVERY instance of a response
Example) counting EACH time a student raises hand in class
Duration Recording ⏱️
(Continuous measurement)
Measuring the ENTIRE amount of TIME that the target response is performed
-best for continuous responses
Example) teach client to hug their sibling
- length of time hug occurs
-onset/offset easy to see
Latency Recording 🕚💬
(Continuous measure)
Recording the amount of TIME that ELAPSES between the onset of an event and target response
Example) teacher measures the latency between presenting a math problem and student’s response
Intensity Recording 💥📏
(Continuous measure)
Recording the strength, amplitude, force, effort of a response
Example) client tells/speaks too loudly;
- recording volume of vocalizations help determine if intervention is needed
Direct measure:
B) Discontinuous Measures
Interval Recording
Interval Recording
(Discontinuous measures)
10 sec | 10 sec | | 10 sec | 10 sec |
Observation session is divided into time periods of equal length in sequence
- score: occurrence/non occurrence of behavior per interval
Whole-Interval Recording (WIR)
(Interval recording - Discontinuous measure)
Occurrence is only recorded if the targeted behavior occurs for the ENTIRE interval
Example) child participating in circle time
WIR= child singing entire interval = occurrence
Partial-Interval Recording (PIR)
(Interval recording - Discontinuous measure)
Occurrence recorded if the target behavior occurred AT LEAST ONCE in ANY part of the interval
-1 occurrence recorded during interval even if behavior happened many times in interval
Momentary Time Sampling (MTS)
(Interval recording-discontinuous measure)
Observation periods are divided into equal intervals but occurrence/non occurrence of target behavior is recorded only at END of each interval
Example) only record singing occurrence if happened at END of interval
2) Indirect Measures
(method of direct observation)
2nd strategy for collecting/measuring target behavior
- permanent product recording
Permanent Product Recording
(Indirect measure)
Collect data from the permanent products produced by a behavior, rather than by collecting data by observation alone
Example)
-% words spelled correctly
-HW problems handed in
-# items sorted into categories
