Behavior Reduction Flashcards
Healthy Contingencies
Preventative strategy + method for reducing problem behavior
-> withholding reinforcement after problem behavior
-> Environmental enrichment (environment is fun/reinforcing)
Motivating Operations (MO’s)
Influences behavior by:
a) changing the value of the reinforcer
b) changing the likelihood of behavior that has resulted in obtaining a reinforcer in the past
- MOs can reduce the occurrence of problem behavior
[Simply always having something can decrease its value overtime (flowers)]
Example) exercise is an MO that increases the value of water
S^D (Discriminative Stimulus)
An environmental stimulus that is associated w/ a higher probability that a specific response will be reinforced
-S^D client differentiating from color blue
-if behavior is problematic & occurs when it shouldn’t, discrimination training
(Green light == Drive)
Amanda requests snacks 24/7
Rbt = green index card when ok to ask for snacks red when not ok
NCR 🕰️
Disrupts contingent relationship between the behavior and the consequence
Antecedent -> Behavior 🚫consequence
-reinforcer is based on TIME 🕐
Example: Kiley’s tantrums are maintained by escape from academic tasks
RBT: provides no contingent breaks
from school every 5min
regardless of what Kiley does
Extinction
Procedure where reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued
Antecedent -> Behavior -> NO Consequence
-Functional form= withholding maintaining reinforcers
Extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement
Tantrums = parents giving child attention
-tantrum==problem behavior
- attention== positive reinforcement
Behavior placed on extinction when those behaviors do not produce reinforcer
-functional form = parent withholding attention from child’s tantrums
Extinction of Behavior maintained by Negative reinforcement
Child gets out of doing task (cleaning room) by having a problem behavior
Child told to clean room -> child throws tantrum -> parent picks up toys & cleans room
Parents cleaning room== negative reinforcement bc child escapes from doing task
Escape extinction
Behavior maintained by negative reinforcement are placed on escape extinction when those behaviors are not followed by termination of aversive stimulus.
Child told to clean room > child throws tantrum> parent continues to demand child to clean room
Sensory extinction
Process by which behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement are placed on extinction by masking/removing sensory consequence
Ex) girl twirls hair + reinforced by sensation
Girl wears mittens to nap/sleep
Extinction Burst! 💥
An increase in frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented
-usually suggests reinforcer was identified ✅
Spontaneous recovery 🤯
Behavior suddenly begins to occur after its frequency has decreased to its pre-reinforcement level or stopped entirely
Differential reinforcement
Reinforcing 1 response class and withholding reinforcement for another response class
Differential reinforcement for Alternative Behavior (DRA)
Reinforcing an alternative to the unwanted behavior, while withholding reinforcement from the unwanted behavior
Ex) teacher calls on a student when hand is raised vs shouting
Differential reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)
Reinforcing a response that cannot be emitted simultaneously with the unwanted behavior
Example) sitting in seat is incompatible w being out of seat
Differential reinforcement of Other behavior (DRO)
Differential reinforcement of the absence, omission, or non-occurrence of the target behavior
> target behavior doesn’t occur == reinforcement
