Object Concepts Flashcards
According to the review by Martin, which of the following ways of characterizing object knowledge is more consistent with the domain-specificity than the property-based view?
A. object representations emerge from the perceptions and actions associated with them
B. object representations are organized by the evolutionary significance of object categories
C. object category distinctions reflect associated sensorimotor distinctions
D. object knowledge represents embodied cognition
B. object representations are organized by the evolutionary significance of object categories
According to Martin’s review, which of the following IS NOT TRUE about semantic memory?
A. It includes facts
B. If is includes memory for events
C. It is a form of long term memory
D. It includes beliefs
B. If is includes memory for events
According to Martin’s review, studies of semantic memory deficits after focal brain injuries have shown that:
A. Knowledge for certain categories of objects is sometimes lost selectively.
B. Knowledge about different kinds of objects tends to be lost to a similar degree.
C. Focal brain injuries can result in selective loss of knowledge for inanimate objects, but not animate, or living, objects.
D. Knowledge about objects is highly resistant to focal brain injuries.
A. Knowledge for certain categories of objects is sometimes lost selectively.
Martin describes two regions that have consistently been implicated in processing of object concepts. These are:
A. Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior temporal cortex
B. Frontal pole and medial temporal lobe
C. Frontal pole and posterior temporal cortex
D. Perisylvian cortex and superior parietal cortex
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A. Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior temporal cortex
According to Martin, which of the following areas is described as exerting a ‘top-down’ influence on selection and retrieval of object knowledge?
A. Middle frontal gyrus
B. Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
C. Posterior temporal cortex
D, Fusiform gyrus
B. Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
Which of the following IS NOT evidence reviewed by Martin for involvement of the posterior temporal lobe in conceptual processing?
A. More repetition suppression in posterior temporal cortex for real than nonsense object pictures
B. More activation in posterior temporal lobe when listening to semantically unambiguous than when listening to ambiguous sentences
C. Loss of conceptual knowledge in patients after damage in posterior temporal lobe
D. Activation of the posterior temporal lobe by pictures, spoken names, and written names of objects
B. More activation in posterior temporal lobe when listening to semantically unambiguous than when listening to ambiguous sentences
As described in Martin’s review, which of the following is true about repetition suppression?
A. It is the increased neural response associated with repeated presentation of an identical, or a semantically/conceptually related, stimulus
B. It is the decreased neural response associated with repeated presentation of an identical, or a semantically/conceptually related, stimulus
C. It is enhanced processing of a stimulus immediately after a semantically related stimulus is processed
D. It is faster perceptual processing of the second than the first presentation of a stimulus
B. It is the decreased neural response associated with repeated presentation of an identical, or a semantically/conceptually related, stimulus
Martin (2007): Repetition Suppression is linked to a form of memory referred to as priming. Which of the following IS NOT TRUE about these phenomena?
A. A stimulus preceded by a semantically related stimulus produces more activation than that stimulus preceded by a semantically unrelated stimulus
B. A repeated stimulus is processed more efficiently on the second occurrence.
C. Processing of a stimulus can be facilitated by the prior occurrence of a semantically related stimulus.
D. A repeated stimulus produces less activation (on functional imaging) on the second occurrence.
A. A stimulus preceded by a semantically related stimulus produces more activation than that stimulus preceded by a semantically unrelated stimulus
Semantic processing of object pictures normally produces a ‘repetition suppression’ effect on fMRI activity in posterior temporal cortex. Martin cites evidence from a TMS study (that produced a ‘virtual lesion’). Producing a “virtual lesion” in which structure (during stimulus presentation) blocked this effect in PTC?
A. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
B. Fusiform gyrus
C. Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
D. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
C. Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
As reviewed by Martin, a patient with a focal lesion in the left superior temporal gyrus but no damage in posterior middle temporal gyrus has impaired sentence processing and poor semantic processing of spoken words, but no impairment of semantic processing of pictures or written words. This suggests that :
A. posterior temporal cortex is involved in semantic processing of visual but not auditory stimuli
B. posterior temporal cortex is involved in semantic processing of auditory but not visual stimuli
C. the superior temporal gyrus lesion impairs semantic processing of linguistic stimuli.
D. the superior temporal gyrus lesion is preventing the auditory comprehension needed to access semantic information.
D. the superior temporal gyrus lesion is preventing the auditory comprehension needed to access semantic information.
Within the posterior temporal lobes, action attributes of objects and concepts seem to engage which areas disproportionately?
A. Temporopolar cortex
B. Fusiform Gyrus
C. Lateral temporal cortex
D. Parahippocampal Gyrus
C. Lateral temporal cortex
Within the posterior temporal lobes, color attributes of objects and concepts seem to engage which areas disproportionately?
A. Parahippocampal Gyrus
B. Fusiform Gyrus
C. Temporopolar cortex
D. Lateral temporal cortex
B. Fusiform Gyrus
Which of the following is most strongly linked to color perception?
A. Fusiform gyrus
B. Superior temporal gyrus
C. Middle temporal gyrus
D. Lingual gyrus
D. Lingual gyrus
Which of the following is most strongly linked to color words and color attributes of objects?
A. Middle temporal gyrus
B. Lingual gyrus
C. Superior temporal gyrus
D. Fusiform gyrus
D. Fusiform gyrus
Which of the following observations is considered evidence that representations of the meaning of words reflect sensory and motor attributes or associations of the words:
A. Reading the word kick evokes more activity in areas near the lower limb motor area than reading the work lick does.
B. Reading verbs evokes more posterior activations than reading nouns.
C. Reading low frequency words evokes more activation in temporal lobes than reading high frequency words.
D. Reading words that rhyme, like kick and lick, evokes more tightly clustered activations than reading semantically related words that do not rhyme.
A. Reading the word kick evokes more activity in areas near the lower limb motor area than reading the work lick does.
