Addiction Flashcards
Which is the estimate from Kessler et al. of the approximate lifetime prevalence of any substance use disorder in the U.S.?
A. about 10%
B. about 20%
C. about 5%
D. about 15%
D. about 15%
Which of the following did Koob and LeMoal describe as a defining feature of drug dependence?
A. Loss of economic viability due to drug use
B. Emergence of a negative emotional state when access is prevented
C. Memory of the rewarding aspects of drug use superimposed on a negative emotional state
D. Reduction of the reward value of a given dose over repeated exposure
B. Emergence of a negative emotional state when access is prevented
The definition of ‘tolerance’ given by Koob and LeMoal is:
A. acceptance of rights of people with drug addiction
B. memory of the rewarding aspects of drug use superimposed on a negative emotional state
C. emergence of a negative emotional state when access is prevented
D. reduction of the reward value of a given dose over repeated exposure
D. reduction of the reward value of a given dose over repeated exposure
Koob and Le Moal describe major distinctions between the earlier, more impulsive phase of addiction and the later, more compulsive phase. Which of the following IS NOT characteristic of the earlier impulsive phase?
A. The HPA axis is upregulated in the impulsive phase.
B. The reward system response to a given dose of the drug is higher in the impulsive phase.
C. Use is motivated by reward in the impulsive phase
D. Craving is weaker in the impulsive phase.
A. The HPA axis is upregulated in the impulsive phase.
Koob and Le Moal describe major distinctions between the earlier, more impulsive phase of addiction and the later, more compulsive phase. Which of the following IS NOT characteristic of the later compulsive phase?
A. Craving is stronger in the compulsive phase.
B. The HPA axis is upregulated in the compulsive phase.
C. The reward system response to a given dose of the drug is lower in the compulsive phase.
D. Use is more strongly motivated by reward in the compulsive phase.
D. Use is more strongly motivated by reward in the compulsive phase.
According to Koob and Le Moal, although the mesolimbic dopamine response has been implicated in the reward value of virtually all addictive substances, there is evidence from animal studies that the opioid system may also play a significant role in reward value of which of the following:
A. methamphetamine and nicotine
B. cocaine and ecstasy
C. amphetamine and cocaine
D. alcohol and heroin
D. alcohol and heroin
As reviewed by Koob and Le Moal, which of the following was observed in research participants who had a history of prolonged heavy use of psychostimulants but were in recovery and abstinent (relative to non abusing controls)?
A. Decreased density of dopamine transporters in amygdala
B. Increased density of dopamine transporters in amygdala
C. Increased density of dopamine transporters in nucleus accumbens
D. Decreased density of dopamine transporters in nucleus accumbens
D. Decreased density of dopamine transporters in nucleus accumbens
According to Koob and Le Moal (2008), in animal studies, chronic drug administration has been associated with which of the following (compared to levels before drug exposure)?
A. increased levels of dopamine in amygdala during withdrawal
B. increased levels of dopamine in nucleus accumbens during withdrawal
C. decreased levels of dopamine in amygdala during withdrawal
D. decreased levels of dopamine in nucleus accumbens during withdrawal
D. decreased levels of dopamine in nucleus accumbens during withdrawal
