Memory & Perception - Point - Counterpoint Flashcards
Which of the following is true of the position described in Suzuki’s 2009 review as the medial temporal lobe memory system (MTLMS) view?
A. The functions of the rhinal cortices in the medial temporal lobe are most strongly related to those of the adjacent visual system structures in the temporal lobes.
B. The functions of the rhinal cortices in the medial temporal lobe are overlapping both with those of the adjacent memory system and with those of the adjacent visual system structures in the temporal lobes.
C. The (memory) functions of the rhinal cortices in the medial temporal lobe are sharply distinct from those of the adjacent visual system structures in the temporal lobes.
D. The medial temporal lobe structures contribute to perceptual processing of complex visual stimuli.
C. The (memory) functions of the rhinal cortices in the medial temporal lobe are sharply distinct from those of the adjacent visual system structures in the temporal lobes.
Baxter (2009) presents the position of his group that the perirhinal cortex in the medial temporal lobe:
A. Contributes importantly to memory functions and may play some role in perceptual processing of objects.
B. Contributes importantly to perceptual processing of objects and may also contribute to mnemonic functions
C. Contributes importantly to perceptual processing of objects and plays no role in memory functions.
D. Contributes importantly to memory functions and plays no role in perceptual processing of objects.
B. Contributes importantly to perceptual processing of objects and may also contribute to mnemonic functions
H.M., a famous epilepsy surgery patient, who was profoundly amnesic, had what type of resection?
A. Resection of the right medial temporal lobe.
B. Resection of the left medial temporal lobe.
C. Resection of bilateral hippocampus only.
D. Resection of bilateral medial temporal lobes.
D. Resection of bilateral medial temporal lobes.
Early studies used a task to show the effects on memory of medial temporal lobe lesions called the delayed non-match to sample task. Which of the following is true regarding these studies?
A. The task requires an animal to choose, after a variable delay, the same object it was shown before the delay, to show that it remembers it.
B. Early findings with the task showed that animals with medial temporal lobe lesions were impaired at all delays, but were more impaired as the delay interval increased.
C. Early findings with the task showed that animals with medial temporal lobe lesions could perform normally at short delays, but were more impaired as the delay interval increased.
D. Early findings with the task showed that animals with medial temporal lobe lesions were impaired at short delays, but showed less forgetting as the delay interval increased.
C. Early findings with the task showed that animals with medial temporal lobe lesions could perform normally at short delays, but were more impaired as the delay interval increased.
Baxter (2009) describes findings by Eacott et al. (1994) that animals with rhinal cortex lesions were intact on delayed match to sample tasks when only 2 objects had to be discriminated, but impaired even when there was no delay (in fact, even when the stimuli were presented simultaneously) if many objects had to be discriminated. He argued that this suggests which of the following?
A. That the larger number of objects may have made the task too difficult for the animals to learn.
B. That rhinal cortex does not contribute to perceptual processing.
C. That rhinal cortex mediates object discrimination.
D. That rhinal cortex mediates memory after very short delays.
C. That rhinal cortex mediates object discrimination.
Suzuki (2009), taking the MTLMS view, argues that the (0 delay) deficits that rhinal cortex lesions produced on delayed match to sample when the object set size was large (Eacott et al., 1994) could occur because:
A. the rhinal cortex lesioned animals were more attracted to novel items so made more errors on this “match to sample” task.
B. the control animals benefitted more from learning about the objects over repeated presentations of them during the task, and this memory function improved their discrimination.
C. the greater object discrimination demands of the task led to greater dependence on perceptual processing, which was impaired in the rhinal cortex lesioned animals.
D. the rhinal cortex lesions impair object discrimination and possibly not memory functions in this task.
B. the control animals benefitted more from learning about the objects over repeated presentations of them during the task, and this memory function improved their discrimination.
In Baxter’s summary of the perceptual-mnemonic view, he describes experiments by Buckley et al. in which monkeys were trained to make different kinds of visual discriminations. For which of the following kinds of discriminations were the perirhinal lesioned animals impaired?
A. Difficult discrimination of the “odd” shape in an array of shapes.
B. Difficult discrimination of the “odd” item in an array of complex patterns.
C. Difficult discrimination of the “odd” stimulus in an array of stimuli with subtle size variation.
D. Difficult discrimination of the “odd” color in an array of subtle color variations.
B. Difficult discrimination of the “odd” item in an array of complex patterns.
In Baxter’s summary of the perceptual-mnemonic view. he describes work by Bussey et al., exploring the role of “feature ambiguity” in functions of the perirhinal cortex. Which of the following statements reflects the perceptual-mnemonic view of “feature ambiguity”?
A. Maximal feature ambiguity occurs when the stimuli that must be discriminated from each other are objects that have many embedded features.
B. Maximal feature ambiguity occurs when stimuli that must be discriminated from each other are objects that differ from each other only very minimally on features such as shape, color, or size.
C. Maximal feature ambiguity occurs when the stimuli that must be discriminated from each other are different conjunctions of the same features.
D. Maximal feature ambiguity occurs when complex stimuli that must be discriminated from each other are degraded - so that the features within a given stimulus are difficult to identify and discriminate.
C. Maximal feature ambiguity occurs when the stimuli that must be discriminated from each other are different conjunctions of the same features.
In Baxter’s summary of the perceptual-mnemonic view, he describes work by Barense et al., examining the performance of medial temporal lobe lesioned patients on discrimination of items with high or low levels of “feature ambiguity”. The results of this study were that:
A. Patients with medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex), but not patients with damage confined to the hippocampus, were impaired when feature ambiguity was high.
B. Patients with hippocampal lesions as well as those with larger medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex) were impaired when feature ambiguity was high.
C. Neither patients with hippocampus, nor patients with larger medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex) were impaired when feature ambiguity was high.
D. Patients with hippocampus, but not patients with larger medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex) were impaired when feature ambiguity was high.
A. Patients with medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex), but not patients with damage confined to the hippocampus, were impaired when feature ambiguity was high.
In Baxter’s summary of the perceptual-mnemonic view, he describes work by Lee et al., examining the performance of medial temporal lobe lesioned patients on discrimination of “oddity” in faces and scenes. The results were that:
A. Patients with hippocampal and those with larger medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex) were impaired for oddity discrimination of faces, but only patients with larger medial temporal lobe lesions were impaired for oddity discrimination of scenes.
B. Neither group of patients was impaired for oddity discrimination of faces or scenes.
C. Patients with hippocampal and those with larger medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex) were impaired for oddity discrimination of faces and scenes.
D. Patients with hippocampal and those with larger medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex) were impaired for oddity discrimination of scenes, but only patients with larger medial temporal lobe lesions were impaired for oddity discrimination of faces.
D. Patients with hippocampal and those with larger medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex) were impaired for oddity discrimination of scenes, but only patients with larger medial temporal lobe lesions were impaired for oddity discrimination of faces.
In Suzuki’s summary of the MTL Memory System view, she notes the findings of Lee et al., examining the performance of medial temporal lobe lesioned patients on discrimination of “oddity” in faces and scenes. Shrager et al., from Suzuki’s group, attempted to repeat the study with a different group of patients. The Shrager et al. results were that:
A. Patients with hippocampal and those with larger medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex) were impaired for oddity discrimination of faces, but only patients with larger medial temporal lobe lesions were impaired for oddity discrimination of scenes.
B. Patients with hippocampal and those with larger medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex) were impaired for oddity discrimination of scenes, but only the patients with larger medial temporal lobe lesions were impaired for oddity discrimination of faces.
C. Patients with hippocampal and those with larger medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex) were impaired for oddity discrimination of faces and scenes.
D. Neither patients with hippocampal nor those with larger medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex) were impaired for oddity discrimination of faces or scenes.
D. Neither patients with hippocampal nor those with larger medial temporal lobe lesions (including rhinal cortex) were impaired for oddity discrimination of faces or scenes.
Which of the following do Suzuki and Baxter agree upon in assessing the status of research on the functional roles of different medial temporal lobe structures?
A. That assessments of visual discrimination of trial-unique items are most useful in separating learning/memory from visual discrimination functions.
B. That apparent visual discrimination deficits in animals with medial temporal lobe lesions are probably accounted for by impaired learning about the items during the task.
C. That visual discrimination deficits associated with perirhinal cortex lesions probably contribute to impairments in MTL patients.
D. That relying on the high anatomical precision of lesions in animal studies, rather than evidence from patients, would help resolve discrepancies in the results of studies by different groups.
A. That assessments of visual discrimination of trial-unique items are most useful in separating learning/memory from visual discrimination functions.
