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05_PDD > OBJ 1.1 > Flashcards

OBJ 1.1 Flashcards

Analyze the integration of architectural systems and technologies to meet project goals (A/E) As an architect you will first need to be able to resolve and detail roof, curtain wall, cladding, window, floor, and other architectural systems, while also considering the detail requirements and capabilities of individual building materials

1
Q

Embed Plate

A

Embed plates are metal components that are cast into concrete to provide anchoring for other systems later.

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2
Q

Bentonite Clay

A

Foundations with habitable spaces must be protected from moisture intrusion. Bentonite clay is a type of clay that has unusual qualities of cohesion and sealing when exposed to moisture. Used as a waterproofing membrane at a fountain wall, it can provide an impermeable barrier to moisture intrusion from the soil. It cannot be ripped, punctured, or cracked. Bentonite clay can also be used under slabs. It is found naturally in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana and is mined for its unique qualities.

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3
Q

Glazing

A

Glazing is the process of installing glass in a window frame. It can also refer to the glass that has been installed through the glazing process.

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4
Q

Compare and contrast storefront, curtain wall, and window wall systems.

A

Storefront: a non-load-bearing, single-span glazing system that sits within the building structure and spans from slab to slab. Storefronts are often limited to a height of 10’ and are mostly used at the ground floor, but they can be placed at the upper levels of low-rise buildings.
Curtain wall: Non-load-bearing glazing system that “hangs” outside of the building structure and can span up to 20’ (or even further with reinforcement). Curtain walls are appropriate for use in the higher floors of tall buildings, and because curtain walls often hang outside of the building structure, they can span between floors.
Window wall: a non-load-bearing glazing system that spans from slab to slab, similar to storefronts. Unlike storefronts, window wall systems are rated for use in upper floors and can provide a look similar to curtain walls at a lower cost.

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5
Q

Weathering Steel

A

Often referred to as COR-TEN steel, is a group of steel alloys which were developed to eliminate the need for painting, and forms a layer of self-protective rust after several years exposure to weather.

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6
Q

Parging

A

A coat of mortar or plaster on the outside of concrete or masonry walls.

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7
Q

SIP

A

Structural Insulated Panel (SIP): two outer sheaths bonded to a core of rigid insulation.

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8
Q

Thermal Bridge

A

An area or component of an object which has higher thermal conductivity than the surrounding materials, creating a path for heat transfer.

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9
Q

Thermal Break

A

An element of low thermal conductivity placed in an assembly to reduce or prevent the flow of thermal energy between conductive materials.

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10
Q

Tempered Glazing

A

A type of safety glazing that is created through a heating and cooling process. It is stronger than regular glass but is also brittle. When tempered glass breaks, it shatters into small pieces that are less likely to injure building occupants.

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11
Q

Laminated Glazing

A

A type of safety glazing that is made up of two or more glass panels held together by interlayers. When broken, laminated glazing holds together and can act as a barrier. Because of this, laminated glazing is typically used in glass guardrails.

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12
Q

Ice Damming

A

When warm air rises out of a heated space into an unheated roof and there is snow on the roof, the heat melts the snow and the water runs down the roof to the eave and gutter, where it cools and turns to ice, forming a dam where more water collects and leaks into the walls and ceilings of the building. Areas most susceptible to ice damming include roof eaves and valleys.

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13
Q

USCPSC

A

The United States Consumer Product Safety Commission is an independent federal agency that serves to protect the public from products that may be unsafe due to risk of fire, mechanical failure, chemical exposure, or electrical malfunction.

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14
Q

Float Glass

A

A sheet of glass made by pouring molten glass onto a sheet of molten metal, usually tin. Also called annealed glass. Float glass is very smooth and free from distortions.

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15
Q

Laminated Glass

A

A type of safety glass consisting of two or more pieces of glass, with layers of polyvinyl butyral resin sheet interlayers. It is good for security because the plastic interlayer holds the glass together, instead of shattering. Laminated glass is also a better sound protector than regular glass, due to the inner layer.

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16
Q

Spandrel Glass

A

An opaque glass available tinted or with a variety of coatings. It can be heat-treated or laminated, and is available as insulated glass units. Insulation and vapor retarders can be added to spandrel glass.

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17
Q

Low-E Glass

A

Low-E or low-emissivity glass is a hard or soft metallic coating that provides more reflectivity for shortwave solar energy that strikes the glass at a high angle of incidence during summer, and permits warmth to enter in winter when the angle of incidence is lower.

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18
Q

Reflective Glass

A

Reflective glass is coated with a very thin layer of metal with the primary purpose of reflecting radiative heat.

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19
Q

Polycarbonate

A

A group of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures. Polycarbonates used in engineering are strong, tough materials, and some grades are optically transparent.

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20
Q

Heat-Strengthened Glass

A

Float glass that has been heated and cooled for strength. It is about twice as strong as annealed glass. When broken, glass pieces tend to break in larger pieces. It is not considered a safety glass.

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21
Q

Electrochromic Glass

A

Glass whose light transmittance is altered by the application of an electric current.

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22
Q

Insulated Glass

A

Insulated glass, is two or more panes of glass together with a layer of air in the middle for insulating purposes. Also called insulated glass units (IGUs). Insulated glass units are hermetically sealed and contain desiccants for dehumidification. The air space in between is often filled with an inert gas such as argon.

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23
Q

Patterned Glass

A

To obscure vision and reduce light transmission.

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24
Q

Glazier’s Points

A

Small metal pieces that hold a piece of glass in place while putty is applied.

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25
Q

Structural Glazing

A

Structural glazing is a glass wall system that does not use conventional frames, but instead uses stainless steel fittings to attach the glass back to the structure and/or silicone structural joints to provide a flush glass surface across a façade.

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26
Q

Strut

A

A strut is a structural member designed to resist longitudinal compression. In other words, it is a member intended to keep two other structural members apart, the opposite of a tie.

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27
Q

Flashing

A

Traditionally sheet metal or modern elastomeric sheets, it is a thin material inserted in an assembly to direct the flow of water to the exterior.

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28
Q

Counterflashing

A

A strip of flashing bent down over other flashing to prevent water from running behind the upturned edge of the base flashing.

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29
Q

Face Brick

A

More uniform in size and color than common brick.

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30
Q

Drip Edge

A

Roof edge flashing that is designed to take water away from the roof edge. A drip edge has an outward projecting lower edge that allows water to drip, rather than run down the face of the fascia or wall.

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31
Q

Cricket

A

A cricket is used on a roof to divert water, such as that on the high side of a chimney or skylight on a pitched roof or away from a corner on a flat roof.

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32
Q

Standing Seam Metal Roof

A

A type of metal roof for pitched roofs made from panels that are joined to make seams that “stand up.” More expensive and longer lasting than conventional shingle roofing.

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33
Q

Gravel Stop

A

A sheet metal component that is installed on the edge of a flat built-up roof to keep water and gravel from washing off.

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34
Q

Selecting Flashing

A

Flashing is made of sheet metal, bituminous-coated fabric, plastic, composite, rubber, or other waterproof materials. Flashing can either be concealed or exposed, rigid or flexible. When selecting a flashing material, consider appearance, durability, and galvanic action.

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35
Q

Sill Pan or Sill Flashing

A

A type of flashing installed under windows to prevent water from entering the wall under the window.

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36
Q

Thermoplastics

A

A polymer material that becomes pliable with heat and remains in that shape upon cooling.

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37
Q

Intumescent Paint

A

A coating that can be applied to multiple surfaces (including walls) to make them fire resistant.

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38
Q

This roof shape has a single surface sloped in one direction.

A

Shed roof, also known as a skillion or lean-to.

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39
Q

What roof shape has an A-frame with an equal slope on each side?

A

Gable roof, also known as a pitched or peaked roof.

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40
Q

This type of roof appears to have no slope at all; however, there is a slight slope to allow for water drainage.

A

Flat roof; this is commonly used in commercial and industrial buildings.

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41
Q

Janka Hardness Scale

A

Wood hardness scale; measures a piece of wood’s resistance to denting and wear; the higher the number, the harder the wood.

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42
Q

Mohs Hardness Scale

A

A relative scale of hardness, based on a material’s ability to scratch another material.

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43
Q

Brake Metal

A

Sheet metal that is bent into shape by a machine called a brake. The metal is then used for flashing, trim, and cladding.

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44
Q

Oil Canning

A

Wavy deformations in sheet metal, such as in cladding or roofing. Also called stress buckling. Using a thicker gauge of metal prevents oil canning.

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45
Q

Hot Dip-Galvanized Nails

A

Nails that are corrosion-resistant due to being dipped in molten zinc. Corrosion-resistant nails, either galvanized or stainless steel, are required for siding, roofing, deck framing, and anywhere moisture can cause corrosion.

46
Q

Nail Gun

A

Power tool that drives nails; much faster than hand nailing.

47
Q

Self-Drilling Screws

A

Screws that do not require pilot holes.

48
Q

Where do you use screws?

A

Subflooring, gypsum board, and decking.

49
Q

Where do you use nails?

A

Framing, roofing, siding, and finish work.

50
Q

Connector Plates or Toothed Plates

A

Sheet metal plate connectors with tooth-like spikes used to connect the members of wood trusses.

51
Q

Flush

A

In construction, flush means even. One example is as follows: if two flooring materials are installed next to each other, you want them to be “flush,” so that there is no lip. Another example is flush inset cabinets where the cabinet face is flush, or even, with the face frame.

52
Q

Stucco Coats

A
  1. Scratch coat
  2. Brown coat
  3. Finish coat
53
Q

Aircraft Warning Lights

A

Lights on tall structures that help aircraft identify them; guidelines are set by the FAA.

54
Q

Suction

A

Negative pressure due to wind; important for structure design, as well as site and façade design.

55
Q

Every room or space that is a(n) _______ occupancy must post the occupant load.

A

Assembly.

56
Q

List three types of flat roof membranes.

A
  1. Fluid Applied Membrane: ideal for complex shapes, including vaults and domes; consists of a rubbery membrane applied in several coats by a roller or spray application.
  2. Built-Up Membrane: composed of alternating layers of bitumen and reinforcing fabrics covered with gravel to protect the top surface from ultraviolet rays.
  3. Single Ply Roof: a membrane of synthetic rubber that is applied in a single layer, requiring less on-site labor than built-up membranes and less prone to cracking from building movement.
57
Q

Mortar Net

A

A net, typically placed at the bottom of a masonry cavity wall, designed to capture excess mortar that drops behind the cavity wall to prevent this mortar from blocking cavity wall drainage. The net’s profile is staggered to still allow for drainage. The mortar net is important to use at the bottom of the cavity wall or in any areas where the cavity wall air space is less than 1”.

58
Q

Anchored Veneer

A

A cladding system in which masonry units are mechanically anchored to the backup wall.

59
Q

Ballast—In Roofing

A

Aggregate or concrete pavers used over a loose-laid, single-ply roof membrane to resist wind uplift and protect the membrane from degradation by solar radiation.

60
Q

Billet

A

A large rectangular bar of cast steel used to roll finished shapes, such as smaller bars and rods.

61
Q

Bond Breaker

A

A material used to prevent the adhesion of an elastomeric sealant to a backup surface.

62
Q

Cant Strip

A

A triangular strip of perlite board or pressure-treated wood used to provide a smooth transition between a horizontal and vertical surface on a roof, required with a built-up or modified bitumen roof membrane.

63
Q

Double-Skin Glass Curtain Wall

A

A glass curtain wall assembly composed of two layers of glazing separated by 1’ to 5’ of air space, also called double-skin façade or bioclimatic glass curtain wall.

64
Q

Dimmable Glass

A

A glass that changes from transparent to translucent or opaque condition when exposed to sun or electrical current.

65
Q

Clad Window

A

Framing members of a wood window clad in aluminum, PVC, or fiberglass on the outside to increase the wood’s durability.

66
Q

Double-Strength Glass

A

1/8” thick flat glass.

67
Q

Dry Glazing

A

Use of preformed compression gaskets to seal the glass against the metal frame of a window or metal-glass curtain wall.

68
Q

Fritted Glass

A

Glass made semi-opaque or opaque by the application of patterns of tiny dots or lines of ceramic material on one surface of flat glass.

69
Q

Gasket

A

A shaped piece of resilient material that provides a weatherproof seal between the glass and the frame in a window or metal-glass curtain wall.

70
Q

Flat Glass

A

Planar glass sheets as opposed to glass block or other glass products.

71
Q

Heat-Soaked Glass

A

A type of tempered glass obtained from a process that reduces the possibility of spontaneous breakage of tempered glass during its service life.

72
Q

Low-E Material

A

A material that is an efficient reflector of long-wave radiation, generally obtained through low-E lamination or low-E coating.

73
Q

Light-Transmitting Plastic

A

Transparent or opaque polycarbonate or acrylic sheet used as glazing in some limited situations.

74
Q

Point-Supported Curtain Wall

A

Mullionless glass curtain wall with glass panes supported at its corners by a metal connector and glass panes sealed at vertical and horizontal joints with a sealant.

75
Q

Security Glazing

A

Glazing system that can withstand various levels of assault from handheld weapons, ballistic weapons, and so on.

76
Q

Shading Coefficient

A

Solar heat gain through a glass divided by the solar heat gain through clear 1/8” thick glass.

77
Q

Single-Strength Glass

A

A 3/32” thick flat glass.

78
Q

Spandrel Area

A

The area of the exterior façade of a building at the level of the spandrel beam.

79
Q

Spider Connector

A

Four-pronged stainless-steel connector used at the corner of four lites of glass in a mullionless glass curtain wall.

80
Q

Stick-Built Curtain Wall

A

A metal-glass curtain wall whose framing members are installed at the site member by member.

81
Q

Storefront System

A

Glazed façade, generally one or two stories high from the ground, with a framing system similar to a metal-glass curtain wall but with less stringent performance requirements.

82
Q

Tempered Glass

A

A glass obtained by heating annealed glass to a high temperature and then suddenly cooling it, which makes it four times stronger than annealed glass; used as safety glass because it breaks into pieces that are small and blunt enough not to cause injury.

83
Q

Tinted Glass

A

A type of glass made by adding a metallic pigment during manufacturing.

84
Q

Ultraviolet Transmittance

A

A measure of the transmission of ultraviolet radiation through glass.

85
Q

Unitized Curtain Wall

A

Preassembled metal-glass curtain wall units attached to the building frame.

86
Q

Wired Glass

A

Rolled glass sheet with embedded thin steel wire mesh, used in fire-rated glazing openings. This type of glass is not commonly used due to many code updates and the possibilitiy for injury to occur.

87
Q

Industry Organization

A

Any of the many organizations that serve the general interests of a faction of the construction industry. These groups provide information and guidance, as well as perform promotional activities and serve to maintain industry standards. Examples of industry organizations include: American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) and American Concrete Institute (ACI).

88
Q

American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

A

Industry organization concerned with:

  • Steel construction
  • Rolled products
  • Steel connectors
89
Q

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)

A

Industry organization concerned with:

  • Steel construction
  • Steel products
  • Cold-formed (light gauge) products
90
Q

Steel Joist Institute (SJI)

A

Industry organization concerned with prefabricated, light steel trusses such as open-web joists.

91
Q

Steel Deck Institute (SDI)

A

Industry organization concerned with formed sheet steel products.

92
Q

American Welding Society (AWS)

A

Industry organization concerned with welding.

93
Q

American Concrete Institute (ACI)

A

Industry organization concerned with cement and concrete construction.

94
Q

Portland Cement Association (PCA)

A

Industry organization concerned with cement and concrete construction.

95
Q

Precast Concrete Institute (PCI)

A

Industry organization concerned with pre-cast concrete products and construction.

96
Q

Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI)

A

Industry organization concerned with steel reinforcing for concrete and concrete structural design.

97
Q

National Forest Products Association (NFPA)

A

Industry organization concerned with wood, structural lumber, and fasteners and wood structures.

98
Q

American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC)

A

Industry organization concerned with wood, wood products, and fasteners and wood construction.

99
Q

American Plywood Association (APA)

A

Industry organization concerned with plywood and buildings constructed with plywood.

100
Q

Masonry Institute of America (MIA)

A

Industry organization concerned with masonry products and masonry structures.

101
Q

Shrinkage

A

Shrinkage is caused by reduction of moisture content and can occur in wood, concrete, plaster, and mortar. Control joints must be provided to accommodate shrinkage.

102
Q

Progressive Loosening

A

A long-term effect that occurs in connections over time. Connections must be designed so that this does not happen.

103
Q

CMU

A

Concrete masonry unit (CMU): the most common unit for structural masonry used today.

104
Q

Structural Clay Tile

A

A type of load-bearing masonry unit made from fired clay that often has a glazed finished surface; thinner and more lightweight than concrete masonry units.

105
Q

Kynar

A

A type of high-performing, long-lasting, resin-based coating.

106
Q

Weep Screed

A

A perforated metal screed used at the base of a stucco finish; provides a straight and true line, and the perforations allow for drainage of water that may have penetrated the stucco.

107
Q

Approved

A

The word “approved” in building codes means approved by the local AHJ.

108
Q

Thermal Sailing

A

Common in passive solar structures, thermal sailing occurs when the building’s users manipulate the building envelope based on the effect desired at a later time. An example would be operable shades.

109
Q

Building Envelope

A

The components of a building that make up the transition from inside to outside. Includes windows and skylights, doors, walls, roof, and floors. The building envelope can be thought of in five ways regarding the design intent of the energy exchange: filter, barrier glazing (a barrier to wind), connector (glazing is a connector to daylight), switch (shutters), and transformer (PV roof shingles). The energy flow through the building envelope varies with the seasons.

110
Q

Visible Light Transmittance (VT)

A

A property of window glazing. A higher visible light transmittance (VT) means more light is passing through.

111
Q

NFRC Label

A

The National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) established a standard for rating the performance aspects of windows. Windows have NFRC labels that list the following properties: U-Factor, solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), and visible transmittance (VT).

112
Q

Glazing surface numbers

A

From EXTERIOR to INTERIOR: 1, 2, 3, 4 (insert image)

05_PDD (17 decks)

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