Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AUBF > OBF > Flashcards

OBF Flashcards

1
Q

What is effusion?

A

Accumulation of fluid in a cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the classifications of effusion causes?

A

Transudate
Exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes transudate effusion related to hydrostatic pressure?

A

Congestive Heart Failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the WBC count characteristic of exudate?

A

Greater than 1000/µL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of membranes lining body cavities?

A

Parietal and Visceral membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the significance of pleural fluid cholesterol levels?

A

Helps differentiate transudate from exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is colloidal or oncotic pressure’s role in serous fluid formation?

A

It pulls fluid back into capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three main cavities of the body lined by membranes?

A

Pleural, Pericardial, Peritoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes the small excess of fluid in serous membranes?

A

Different positive pressures in capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What role does hydrostatic pressure play in serous fluid formation?

A

It helps push fluid out of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is serous fluid an ultrafiltrate of?

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the normal volume of pleural fluid?

A

Approximately 10-20 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes transudate effusion related to oncotic pressure?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What differentiates chylous from pseudochylous effusion?

A

Chylous is extractable in ether

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the appearance of pericardial fluid in infection?

A

Clear and yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the purpose of peritoneal lavage?

A

To detect intra-abdominal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

Reduces friction and provides lubrication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

Viscous fluid in movable joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the procedure for collecting synovial fluid?

A

Arthrocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is synovial fluid characterized?

A

Viscous fluid in movable joints
Derived from the Latin word for egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the normal viscosity of synovial fluid?

A

Forms a string (4-6 cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the normal protein level in synovial fluid?

A

Less than 3 g/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does the presence of crystals in synovial fluid indicate different conditions?

A

Indicates gout or pseudogout based on type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the role of synovial fluid in joint health?

A

Provides lubrication and nutrients to cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the appearance of synovial fluid in osteoarthritis?
Cloudy with debris from cartilage
26
How does the presence of debris from joint prosthesis affect synovial fluid analysis?
Indicates potential complications from surgery
27
What is the primary component that contributes to the viscosity of synovial fluid?
Hyaluronic Acid
28
What is the appearance of synovial fluid in gout?
Cloudy with needle-shaped crystals
29
What does a turbid appearance of pleural fluid indicate?
Possible microbial infection or immune disorder
30
What does a high neutrophil count in effusion indicate?
Possible bacterial infection
31
What is the normal appearance of pleural fluid?
Clear and pale yellow
32
What is hemothorax?
Hemorrhagic exudate in pleural cavity
33
What is the significance of a pH less than 7.2 in serous fluid?
Indicates need for drainage and antibiotics
34
What is a cause of exudate effusion related to capillary permeability?
Microbial infections
35
What is the purpose of anticoagulants in fluid analysis?
To maintain cell counts and differential counts
36
What is the appearance of chylous effusion?
Milky white fluid
37
What does an increase in amylase and lipase in fluid suggest?
Possible pancreatitis or GIT perforation
38
What are the differences between transudate and exudate?
Transudate: low protein, clear Exudate: high protein, cloudy
39
What is the significance of the differential count in synovial fluid analysis?
Helps identify type of inflammation
40
What is the predominant cell type in chylous effusion?
Lymphocytes
41
What is the normal WBC count in peritoneal fluid?
Less than 500 cells/µL
42
What does an absolute neutrophil count greater than 250 cells/µL indicate?
Possible infection
43
What are the laboratory tests performed on serous fluids?
Evaluation of appearance Cell counting (manual and electronic) Differential count
44
What does the Mucin Clot Test assess?
Viscosity of synovial fluid
45
What are the primary crystals associated with gout and pseudogout?
MSU for gout, CPPD for pseudogout
46
What is the shape and birefringence of crystals in gout?
Needle-shaped, negative birefringence
47
What are the causes of arthritis as indicated in the study material?
Degenerative joint disorders Infections Crystal-induced conditions Autoimmune diseases
48
What is the typical WBC count in hemorrhagic arthritis?
Equal to blood WBC count
49
What is the role of the first-order red-compensated polarized light in crystal analysis?
Enhances visibility of crystal birefringence
50
What is the purpose of differential count in serous fluid analysis?
To identify normal and malignant cells
51
What does CEA stand for?
Carcinoembryonic Antigen
52
What lines the bones in a synovial joint?
Smooth articular cartilage
53
What is the normal glucose level in synovial fluid compared to blood glucose?
Not greater than 10 mg/dl lower
54
What are the common bacteria that infect synovial fluid?
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus
55
What is the role of hyaluronidase in synovial fluid analysis?
To lyse RBC for accurate counting
56
What is the significance of the color of synovial fluid in diagnosing arthritis?
Indicates type and severity of inflammation
57
How does the viscosity of synovial fluid change in inflammatory conditions?
It decreases, indicating inflammation
58
How does the presence of vacuolated macrophages indicate specific conditions?
Suggests Reiter Syndrome or Reactive Arthritis
59
What is the significance of the birefringence of crystals in synovial fluid?
Helps identify the type of crystals present
60
What is the significance of CA 125 and CEA in the context of trauma/surgery?
(+) CA 125, (-) CEA indicates ovarian issues
61
What is the difference between transudate and exudate?
Transudate: Low protein content, clear Exudate: High protein content, cloudy
62
What is the normal leukocyte count in synovial fluid?
Less than 200 WBC/µl
63
What does the serum-ascites albumin gradient help differentiate?
Transudate from exudate
64
What are the characteristics of normal and diseased synovial fluid?
Normal: Clear, non-clotting Diseased: Tends to clot, cloudy
65
What should not be used as anticoagulants in synovial fluid collection?
Powdered anticoagulants
66
What is the role of antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis?
Indicates autoimmune response in fluid
67
How does the presence of large multinucleated cells in synovial fluid indicate osteoarthritis?
Indicates chronic inflammation and degeneration
68
What is the role of synovial membrane in joints?
Lines the fibrous joint capsule
69
How does the appearance of synovial fluid differ in various types of arthritis?
Color and clarity vary based on inflammation
70
What is the appearance of synovial fluid in septic arthritis?
Cloudy/milky with high WBC count
71
What is the typical appearance of synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis?
Cloudy with high neutrophil count
72
What is the appearance of synovial fluid in crystal-induced arthritis?
Cloudy with specific crystal shapes
73
What is the relationship between crystal shape and the type of arthritis?
Different shapes indicate different types of arthritis
74
What is the significance of the presence of neutrophils in synovial fluid?
Indicates potential infection or inflammation
75
What are the features of different types of arthritis based on synovial fluid analysis?
Non-inflammatory: Clear, <1000 WBC/µl Inflammatory: Cloudy, 2000-75,000 WBC/µl Septic: Cloudy/milky, >100,000 WBC/µl Hemorrhagic: Cloudy/red fluid
76
How do metabolic disorders relate to crystal formation in synovial fluid?
They lead to increased crystal deposition
77
How does the analysis of synovial fluid help differentiate between types of arthritis?
Analyzes color, clarity, and cell count
78
What is the typical WBC count in non-inflammatory arthritis?
Less than 1000 WBC/µl
79
How does the presence of crystals in synovial fluid relate to metabolic disorders?
Indicates impaired metabolism or excretion
80
Why should synovial fluid for crystal analysis not be refrigerated?
It produces additional crystals
81
What is the significance of the total leukocyte count in synovial fluid?
Indicates inflammation or infection
82
How does the analysis of synovial fluid contribute to the diagnosis of arthritis?
Provides insights into inflammation and infection
83
What is the significance of the color and clarity of synovial fluid in diagnosing conditions?
Indicates inflammation and type of arthritis
84
How does the analysis of synovial fluid contribute to understanding joint diseases?
Reveals inflammation, infection, and crystal presence
85
What is the appearance of synovial fluid in traumatic injury?
Cloudy with refractile globules
86
What is the significance of the presence of antibodies in synovial fluid?
Indicates autoimmune or inflammatory conditions
87
What is the role of the synovial membrane in joint function?
Secretes synovial fluid for lubrication
88
What are the types of arthritis and their characteristics?
Inflammatory: Pain, swelling, stiffness Non-inflammatory: Mild discomfort, no swelling Septic: Severe pain, fever, redness

AUBF (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions