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AUBF > 3.1 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE - COLOR > Flashcards

3.1 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE - COLOR Flashcards

1
Q

The physical examination of urine includes the determination
of the

A

urine color, clarity, and specific gravity

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2
Q

The results of the physical portion of urinalysis can confirm or explain findings in what other areas of urinalysis?

A

Chemical and microscopic areas

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3
Q

Variations in urine color may be due to

A

normal metabolic functions, physical activity, ingested materials, and Pathological conditions

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4
Q

The yellow color of
urine is caused by the presence of a pigment, which Thudichum named

A

urochrome

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5
Q

is a product of endogenous metabolism, and under normal conditions, the body produces it at a constant rate.

A

Urochrome

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6
Q

Caused by recent fluid consumption

Commonly observed with random specimens

A

Colorless

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7
Q

Pale yellow color causes

A

Polyuria or diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
Dilute random specimen

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8
Q

Increased 24-hour volume and low specific gravity with a pale yellow color suggests

A

Polyuria or diabetes insipidus

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9
Q

Elevated specific gravity and positive glucose test result with a pale yellow color suggests

A

Diabetes mellitus

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10
Q

Recent fluid consumption with pale yellow color suggests

A

Dilute random specimen

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11
Q

Dark yellow color of urine possible causes

A

Concentrated specimen
B complex vitamins
Dehydration
Bilirubin
Acriflavine
Nitrofurantoin

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12
Q

Dark yellow color of specimen that may be normal after strenuous exercise or in first morning specimen means that the sample is

A

Concentrated specimen

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13
Q

Fever or burns with a dark yellow urine color suggests

A

Dehydration

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14
Q

Dark yellow urine color with yellow foam when shaken suggests a positive chemical test results for this specific metabolite

A

bilirubin

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15
Q

Negative bile test results and possible green fluorescence causes dark yellow urine specimen with?

A

Acriflavine

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16
Q

Antibiotic administered for urinary tract infections that causes dark yellow urine specimen

A

Nitrofurantoin

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17
Q

Orange-yellow color of urine possible causes

A

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
Phenindione
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

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18
Q

Drug commonly administered for urinary tract infections that causes orange-yellow urine

A

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

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19
Q

Anticoagulant, orange in alkaline urine, colorless in acid urine that causes orang yellow urine

A

Phenindione

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20
Q

Anti-inflammatory drug that causes orange yellow urine

A

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

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21
Q

Yellow-green urine possible cause

A

Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin

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22
Q

Colored foam in acidic urine and false-negative chemical test results for bilirubin and yellow green urine color indicates that

A

Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin

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23
Q

Positive urine culture for this bacteria is the primary cause of green urine

A

Pseudomonas infection

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24
Q

Possible causes of green urine

A

Pseudomonas infection
Asparagus

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25
Possible causes of Blue-green urine
Amitriptyline Methocarbamol (Robaxin) Clorets Indican Methylene blue Phenol Propofol Familial hypercalcemia Indomethacin (Indocin, Tivorbex)
26
Antidepressant that causes blue green urine
Amitriptyline
27
Muscle relaxant, may be green-brown that causes blue green urine
Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
28
Bacterial infections, intestinal disorders secretes this organic compound that causes blue green urine
Indican
29
Dye used to check for fistulas which causes the urine to be blue-green
Methylene blue
30
This compound, when oxidized causes blue green urine
Phenol
31
Anesthetic that causes blue green urine
Propofol
32
“Blue diaper syndrome” is an indication of what disease
Familial hypercalcemia
33
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that causes blue green urine
Indomethacin (Indocin, Tivorbex)
34
Pink Red urine possible causes
RBCs Hemoglobin Myoglobin Beets Rifampin Menstrual contamination
35
Cloudy red urine suggests
RBCs in the urine
36
Clear pink red urine with positive chemical test results for blood; intravascular hemolysis suggests
Hemoglobin
37
Clear pink red urine with positive chemical test results for blood; muscle damage suggests
Myoglobin
38
Alkaline urine of people who are genetically susceptible pink red coloration is caused by
Beets
39
Tuberculosis medication that causes pink red urine
Rifampin
40
Cloudy specimen with RBCs, mucus, and clots suggest that the urine is
Contaminated with menstruations
41
Port wine color of urine is caused by
Porphyrins
42
Red-brown color of urine may be caused by
RBCs oxidized to methemoglobin Myoglobin
43
Seen in acidic urine after standing; positive chemical test result for blood with reed brown coloration indicates
RBCs oxidized to methemoglobin
44
Brown Black urine may be caused by
Homogentisic acid (alkaptonuria) Malignant melanoma Melanin or melanogen Phenol derivatives Argyrol (antiseptic) Methyldopa or levodopa Metronidazole (Flagyl) Chloroquine and primaquine Methocarbamol Fava beans, rhubarb, or aloe
45
Seen in alkaline urine after standing; specific tests are available for determining this cause of brown black urine
Homogentisic acid (alkaptonuria)
46
Urine darkens on standing and reacts with nitroprusside and ferric chloride is caused by
Malignant melanoma Melanin or melanogen
47
If the urine is brown black and it Interferes with copper reduction tests this is probably caused by
Phenol derivatives
48
When the urine is brown black and the Color disappears with ferric chloride, it is probably caused by
Argyrol (antiseptic)
49
Antihypertensive that caused brown black urine
Methyldopa or levodopa
50
Darkens on standing, intestinal and vaginal infections cause
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
51
Antimalarial drugs that causes brown black urine
Chloroquine and primaquine
52
Muscle relaxant that causes brown black urine
Methocarbamol
53
Increased amounts of urochrome are produced in patients with what type of conditions?
Thyroid conditions
54
What happens to urochrome levels in urine that stands at room temperature?
They increase
55
A dilute urine specimen will appear what color?
Pale yellow
56
A concentrated urine specimen will appear what color?
Dark yellow
57
The presence of which pink pigment is most evident in refrigerated urine specimens?
Uroerythrin
58
What pigment imparts an orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh?
Urobilin
59
Dark yellow or amber urine may indicate the presence of what abnormal pigment?
Bilirubin
60
What visual indication suggests bilirubin presence when shaking a urine specimen?
Yellow foam
61
A large amount of what type of foam indicates increased protein concentration in urine?
White foam
62
The photo-oxidation of large amounts of excreted urobilinogen produces what color urine?
Yellow-orange
63
What color does bilirubin impart to urine when photo-oxidized?
Yellow-green
64
Specimens containing phenazopyridine produce what visual indicator when shaken?
Yellow foam
65
What is one of the most common causes of abnormal urine color?
Presence of blood
66
The color of urine may range from red to brown due to what factors?
Amount of blood, pH of urine, length of contact
67
What causes urine to turn brown when red blood cells remain in acidic urine for several hours?
Oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin
68
What color and appearance does urine take on when intact red blood cells are present?
Red and cloudy
69
How can one distinguish between hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria?
Examining the patient’s plasma
70
What type of urine appears red due to the oxidation of porphobilinogen?
Urine containing porphyrins
71
What are nonpathogenic causes of red urine?
Menstrual contamination, ingestion of pigmented foods/medications
72
Name some medications that can produce red urine.
Rifampin, phenolphthalein, phenindione, phenothiazines
73
What additional testing is recommended for urine specimens that turn brown or black on standing?
Testing for melanin or homogentisic acid
74
What condition may lead to an excess production of melanin?
Malignant melanoma
75
What metabolite causes black color in alkaline urine due to alkaptonuria?
Homogentisic acid
76
Name some medications that can produce brown or black urine.
Chloroquine, primaquine, levodopa, methyldopa, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, laxatives with cascara or senna, methocarbamol
77
What can cause dark-brown urine due to liver and kidney disorders or muscle injury?
Extreme exercise
78
Which medications may cause blue urine?
Methocarbamol, methylene blue, indomethacin, amitriptyline, propofol
79
A purple staining may occur in catheter bags and is caused by indican in the urine or a bacterial infection, frequently caused by
Klebsiella or Providencia species

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