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AUBF > 1. SAFETY IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY - LAB > Flashcards

1. SAFETY IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY - LAB Flashcards

1
Q

A general state of physical, mental and emotional well-being.

A

Health

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2
Q

Condition in which the physical well-being of people is protected.

A

Safety

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3
Q

Protection of employees and organizational facilities.

A

Security

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4
Q
  • A thing that is dangerous or causes damage.
  • Anything that has the potential to cause harm or adverse effects to individuals, environment or property.
A

HAZARD

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5
Q

Types of Safety Hazard

A

Chemical Hazard
Biological Hazard
Physical Hazard
Mechanical Hazard
Electrical Hazard

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6
Q

Arises from the exposure of chemical substances

A

Chemical Hazard

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7
Q

Chemical Hazard types

A

a. Toxic substances
b. Corrosive substances
c. Flammable/explosive substances d. Reactive substances

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8
Q

Can cause disease or infections

A

Biological hazards

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9
Q

Biological hazards examples

A

Pathogens
Allergens
Biological toxins

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10
Q

Arises rom the physical condition of the environment

A

Physical Hazard

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11
Q

Physical Hazard examples

A

Radiation
Noise
Temperature extreme
vibration

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12
Q

associated with machinery, equipment, and tools that can cause physical injuries, particularly from moving parts or improper operation

A

Mechanical Hazard

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13
Q

Mechanical Hazard example

A

Pinch points or crush injuries from moving machinery parts like conveyor belts or gears.

Injuries from cutting tools, such as scalpels or saws, leading to lacerations or amputations.

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14
Q

the misuse or faulty installation of electrical equipment, wiring, or devices

A

Electrical Hazard

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15
Q

Electrical Hazard examples

A

a. Electric shock
b. Electric fire
c. Electrocution

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16
Q

Electrical Hazards what to do

A

Avoid water and fluid contact
* Do not operate equipment with wet hands

  • Observe for frayed cords, overloads; report
  • Unplug and dry wet equipment
  • Equipment grounded with three-prong plugs
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17
Q
  • refers to an unplanned and often preventable event that results in injury, illness, property damage, or exposure to hazardous materials
  • Unplanned and unexpected events
A

accident

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18
Q

CHARACTERISTICS of accidents

A

Unintentional
* Preventable
* Varied outcomes
* Needs immediate response

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19
Q

Examples of accidents

A
  • Chemical spill
  • Sharps Injuries
  • Fire and Explosion Accidents
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20
Q

In a clinical laboratory, chemical spills are typically classified:

A

a. Minor
b. Major

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21
Q

Common Causes of Chemical Spills

A

1.Human Error
2.Equipment Failure
3.Container damage
4.Natural Disaster

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22
Q

Prevention of Chemical Spills:

A

Proper Storage
Training
Spill Kits
Regular Inspections
Follow Protocols

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23
Q

Store chemicals in compatible containers with clear labeling. Separate incompatible chemicals.

A

Proper Storage

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24
Q

Ensure all personnel are trained in safe chemical handling, storage, and spill response procedures.

A

Training

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25
Q

Keep spill kits readily available, containing absorbents, neutralizing agents, and protective gear.

A

Spill Kits

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26
Q

Check containers and storage areas for leaks or damage.

A

Regular Inspections

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27
Q

Adhere to the lab’s chemical handling and disposal procedures.

A

Follow Protocols

28
Q

essential safety resource designed to manage and clean up hazardous chemical spills efficiently and safely

29
Q

ensure that research faculty, staff, and students who handle hazardous chemicals have the proper training and safety protections required by law.

A

Chemical Hygiene Plan

30
Q

refers to the process of providing clear, accurate, and consistent information on the labels of chemical containers.

A

Chemical labeling

31
Q

a large diamond that contains four smaller diamonds of different colors.

A

NFPA hazard identification label

32
Q

uses different symbols to indicate different special hazards

A

white diamond

33
Q

symbol when the chemical reacts with water

A

A strike-out W

34
Q

symbol for when the chemical is an oxidizer.

35
Q

symbol for when the chemical is corrosive.

36
Q

symbol for when the chemical is radioactive.

A

radioactivity symbol

37
Q

Classes of Fire

38
Q

occur with ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, papers, or clothing, and require water or water-based solutions to cool or quench the fire to extinguish it.

39
Q

occur with flammable liquids and vapors, such as paint, oil, grease, or gasoline, and require blocking the source of oxygen or smothering the fuel to extinguish.

40
Q

occur with electrical equipment and require nonconducting agents to extinguish

41
Q

occur with combustible or reactive metals, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and lithium, and require dry powder agents or sand to extinguish (they are the most difficult fires to control and frequently lead to explosions).

42
Q

occur with high-temperature cooking oils, grease, or fats and require agents that prevent splashing and cool the fire as well as smother it

43
Q

Fire Extinguishers types

A

Water Extinguishers
Foam Extinguishers
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Extinguishers
Dry Chemical Extinguishers
Wet Chemical Extinguishers
Specialist Extinguishers

44
Q
  • Color: Red
  • Used for: Fires involving solid materials like wood, paper, textiles, and plastics (Class A fires).
  • How it works: Cools the fire by soaking the material and lowering its temperature.
  • Not for use on: Electrical fires, flammable liquids, or metal fires.
A

Water Extinguishers

45
Q

*Color: Cream label

*Used for: Fires involving solid materials (Class A) and flammable liquids (Class B), such as petrol, diesel, and oil.

*How it works: Forms a blanket over the burning liquid, cutting off the oxygen supply and preventing re-ignition.

*Not for use on: Electrical fires unless it’s a specially rated extinguisher.

A

Foam Extinguishers

46
Q

*Color: Black label

*Used for: Fires involving flammable liquids (Class B) and electrical equipment.

*How it works: Displaces oxygen, which smothers the fire and cools the burning material.

*Not for use on: Class A fires, as it does not have a cooling effect, and can lead to re-ignition.

A

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Extinguishers

47
Q

*Color: Blue label

*Used for: A wide variety of fires, including solids (Class A), flammable liquids (Class B), flammable gases (Class C), and electrical fires.

*How it works: Coats the fire with a fine powder that separates the fuel from oxygen.

*Not for use in confined spaces: The powder can reduce visibility and may cause breathing problems.

A

Dry Chemical Extinguishers

48
Q

*Color: Yellow label

*Used for: Fires involving cooking oils and fats, typically in kitchen settings (Class F).

*How it works: Forms a foam layer on the burning oil or fat, cutting off oxygen and cooling the fire.

*Not for use on: Electrical fires or flammable liquids.

A

Wet Chemical Extinguishers (Class F)

49
Q

*Used for: Fires involving combustible metals like magnesium, aluminum, and lithium.

*How it works: The extinguisher uses a specialist powder to extinguish metal fires by smothering them.

*Not for use on: Fires involving other types of fuel, as it is specifically designed for metal fires

A

Specialist Extinguishers

50
Q

Are plans for preventing sickness and injury to personnel and damage or destruction of physical assets.

A

Laboratory Safety Plan

51
Q

occurs when harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites invade the body, multiply, and cause disease or damage to the tissues.

52
Q

This can be a bacteria, virus, parasites or prions. Any organism is capable of causing infection if all the links/components are present

A

Infectious agents

53
Q

is the place where an infectious agent lives and reproduces in such a manner that it can be transmitted. Infectious agents can live in or on people, animals, insects, soil or water

54
Q

Path by which infectious agent leaves the reservoir

A

Portal of Exit

55
Q

Portal of Exit examples

A

excretions and secretions non‐ intact skin (e.g., draining wounds)

respiratory tract (e.g., sneezing, coughing, talking)

gastrointestinal tract (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, stool)

mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth, vagina)

56
Q

is how the pathogen moves from place to place

A

Modes of Transmission

57
Q

Modes of Transmission

A

Contact transmission
Droplet
Airborne

58
Q

is the most common route of transmission of organisms in health care settings.

A

Contact transmission

59
Q

refers to large droplets that are generated from the respiratory tract of infected individual during coughing, sneezing or laughing or during such procedures as suctioning.

A

Droplet transmission

60
Q

occurs when an individual with an organism/disease that is transmitted by the airborne route expels the organism from their respiratory tract by coughing, laughing, singing and sneezing.

A

Airborne transmission

61
Q

The point where the infectious agent enters a new host lace

A

Portal of Entry

62
Q

is the person who may become infected.

A

Susceptible Host

63
Q

Standard Precautions (SP)

A

Hand washing
Gloves
Mask, Eye Protection, Face Shield
Gown
Patient-care equipment
Environmental Control
Linen
Blood-borne Pathogens
Patient Placement

64
Q

Waste disposal treatment

A
  • Incineration
  • Chemical disinfection
  • Autoclaving
  • Encapsulation
  • Microwave irradiation
65
Q

Final Disposal

A

– Landfill
– Burying inside premises
– Discharge into sewer

66
Q

5S

A

Sort
Set on order
Shine
Standardize
Sustain

AUBF (23 decks)

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