Obesity and social inequalities Flashcards
Darmon and Drewnowski (2008) Low ses is associated with
lower fruit and veg intake. Greater intake of high fat foods, greater screen time.
Wardle and Griffith (2001) compared to high ses groups low ses: report less
weight loss attempts, engage in less body weight monitoring, fewer dietry habits and have more body weight misperceptions (more likely to describe themselves as overweight).
Relton et al (2014) high SES are more likely to use whereas low SES use?
high SES are more likely to use slimming club, low SES more likely to use medication. Low SES less likely to engage in healthy weight loss attempts- skip meals and use medication,.
why
Per calorie nutrient rich foods are more expensive (Buckland et al, 2015).
3 GP practices- nutrient knowledge questionnaire. SES impacted nutritional knowledge independent of education levels (Parementer, Waller and Wardle, 2000).
More fast food shops in deprived areas (Maguire, Burgoine and Monsivais, 2015)
Food Scarcity and energy regulation
It makes adaptive sense to eat when food is available to them. Could impact apetite control later in life in food rich enviironments. Eat In the absence of hunger.
Food Scarcity and energy regulation
Hill et al (2016)
estimate families SES during childhood. Found that growing up in low SES can lead to increased intake in the absence of hunger. Adaptation promotes survival in food poor environments but in food rich environments can lead to excessive intake.
SES and Stress Cardel et al (2016)
game of monopoly- stress condition. High ses participants consumed 130 kcal less under low SES conditions (Stress), had a lower heart rate and felt more pride and power. Increased stress might explain greater food intake
Social comparison theory
Festinger (1954) Wills (1981) We compare and evaluate ourselves against others when self esteem is threatened we make downward comparisons to restore self esteem, downward comparisons increase self esteem (im doing well compared to others). Upward comparisons can lead to increased aspiration (I could be like them), but if the gap is too large can lead to perceived relative depreivation.
Perceived relative deprivation:
: perceptions of socioeconomic status relative to others- compensate with increased food intake. (The perceived possession of materials and social resources compared to others), heightened feelings of deprivation can lead to a greater drive to compensate for this discomfort by seeking more resources- high energy dense foods.
PRD and portion sizes:Sim, Lim, Forde and Cheon (2017):
): told they would receive a bonus either less than everyone else or the same as everyone else, when less than everyone out significantly greater portion sizes (even when controlled for negative mood).
PRD and portion size
Cgeon et al (2017)
- Cheon et al (2017) imagine ladder where people stand- consume more calories when low compared to high and control.
Ego depletion
We have a limited number of resources to exert self control. Poverty= more difficult decisions= financially restricted. Depleted cognitive resources – lower self control. External cues may prompt self regulation when resources are low.
SES and food labels
Crockett, JEbb, Hankins and Marteau (2014) popcorn intake labelled low vs. high fat. When no label in weight concern group low ses ate significantly more.
Recruitment issues Ahern et al (2014)
Recruitment issues: Ahern et al (2014) High SES 8.5% enrolled to weight watchers but 4.9% deprived. Also more likely to drop out.
