lecture 1- key concepts in adult attachment

Question 1

John Bowlbys attachment theory

Answer 1

Need close attachment to survice and thrive, it is an innate behavioural system .

The attachment behavioural system develops in the first year of life

Harlows monkeys

Question 2

the attachment behavioural system

Answer 2

Attachment behaviours are activated under conditions of threat

-most common reason for children to cry is being left alone
When attachment system is activated the exploration system is deactivated.

Question 3

Ainsworth (1978) attachment in infants

Secure

Answer 3

Secure

Question 4

Secure attachment predicts academic achievement.
Insecure toddlers tend to have shorter attention spans and perform worse on cognitive tasks than secure toddlers (Frankel and Bates (1990) main (1983) Moss and St- Laurent (2001)).
Secures are more engaged in joint reading (Bus and Van (1997)
Develop better pre- reading skills (Bus

Answer 4

c

Question 5

Hazan and SHaver (1987) love quiz

Answer 5

adult romantic love is an attachment process similar to childrens

Question 6

Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991) dimensional

Answer 6

split 3 attachment tyoes into 4

Question 7

Brennan, Clar and Shaver (1998)

Answer 7

these measures and make the experience in close relationship scale (ECR). IT measures attachment along two dimensions of insecurity: Avoidance of intimacy and anxiety and abandonment.

Question 8

Low anxiety, high avoidance

Answer 8

Dismissing
I am comfortable without close relationships- independent and self sufficient)
B and H (1991) 18%
F and H (2001) 23%

Question 9

high anxiety high avoidance

Answer 9

Fearful (I am uncomfortable getting close to others, I want to be close but find it difficult to trust others completely, worry that I get too close)
B and H (1991) 15%
F and H (2001) 17%

Question 10

low anxiety low avoidance

Answer 10

Secure (Easy)
B and H (1991) 57%
F and H (2001) 41%

Question 11

high anxiety low avoidance

Answer 11

Preoccupied (I want to be close but find others are reluctant to get as close as I would like, sometimes I worry people don’t value me like I value them).
B and H (1991) 10%
F and H (2001) 19%

Question 12

Attachment styles as strategies of affect regulation.

Answer 12

Avoidance- deactivating strategies, downplaying. Suppressing negative affect, deactivating attachment behaviours.
Anxiety- hyperactivating strategies, emphasising negative affect, hyper activating attachment behaviours.

Question 13

Airport separation study. (57% separating 43% flying together)

Answer 13

High avoidant men and women were less likely to seek proximity and support.
Anxious women reported more distress
Highly anxious men were less likely to maintain contact.

Question 14

Intrapersonal consequences- (within)

Answer 14

self esteem, mental health, coping, social support, physical health, pain tolerance, emotion regulation

Question 15

Interpersonal-

Answer 15

cargving, parenting, empathy, prosocial behaviour, prejudice/ discrimination

Question 16

Bowlby- Internal working models, or schemas: different attachments for different people.

Answer 16

Our general attachment style is based on a whole range of experiences availability and accessibility o these experiences (balwin et al., (1996)
Attachment styles as schema: attachment styles cab be made salient by priming. Priming procedures can be relationship specific or generic. Can be subliminal/ supraliminal.

Question 17

Row and Carnelley (2003) priming

Answer 17

examinied the effects of rimed attachment styles recall of positive and negative attachment word targets. Results showed that pps recalled words congruent with the style they were primed with. True for interpersonal expectations with primed securs having the most positive interpersonal expectations and primed anxious having the most negative interpersonal expectations.

Question 18

could secure priming be used??

Answer 18

• Improve relationship expectations, slef views and attachment anxiety
• Felt security via text message boosters
• Compassion altruism
• Negative reactions to outgroups
• Cognitive openness
• Pain threshold and tolerance.

Question 19

Ainsworth

Insecure avoidant, anxious avoidant

Answer 19

• caregivers rejecting (positive view of self and neg of others)

Question 20

Ainsworth Insecure resistant/ anxious ambivalent

Answer 20

inconsistent parenting (nega view of self, angry view of others)

Question 21

Ainsworth disorganised/ disoriented

Answer 21

caregiver is frightened or frightening