Obesity and metabolic syndrome

Question 1

Where are the hunger and satiety centres

Answer 1

in hypothalamus

Question 2

Ghrelin

Answer 2

released from stomach (neuroendocrine cells) when stomach is empty
orexigenic agent

Question 3

Anorexigens

Answer 3

CCK, insulin, peptide YY, GLP-1, somatostatin, oxyntomodulin- suppress hunger

Question 4

Starvation

Answer 4

uses muscle fat then muscle again
liberate glycogen, stop glucose storage, fat break down and some muscle break down
liver shifts to make ketone bodies
Fat stores used up 40/45 days and muscle broken down

Question 5

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 5

3/%:
obesity
type 2: diabetes 
hypertension 
high plasma triglycerides and low HDL

Question 6

Lipid overflow ectopic fat model

Answer 6

no ectopic fat (not around organs)= normal metabolic profile –> no clinical criteria for metabolic syndrome

Question 7

Visceral fat

Answer 7

less responsive to insulin–> produces more nonesterified FA –> more inflammatory cytokines and less adiponectin

Question 8

Leptin and adiponectin

Answer 8

produced by adipocytes and potentiates insulin