Acute regulation of glucose

Question 1

insulin and glucagon

Answer 1

beta and alpha

Question 2

Somatostatin

Answer 2

delta

Question 3

Pancreatic polypeptide

Answer 3

F cells

Question 4

Beta cells sense blood glucose

Answer 4

By using it to make ATP- closes Katp channels–> membrane depolarises –> Ca2+ influx–> exocytosis insulin

Question 5

Insulin preprohormone

Answer 5

–> prohormone –> cleaved to A and B chains and free C peptide

Question 6

Insulin receptor

Answer 6

Is a tyrosine kinase. 2 pathways:
PI3K/PKB phosphorylate proteins- alter activity- insert GLUT4
MAPK- alters gene expression

Question 7

GLUT

Answer 7

Passive

Question 8

GLUT 5

Answer 8

fructose uptake

Question 9

GLUT 4

Answer 9

put into membrane when insulin is around

Question 10

GLUT2

Answer 10

insulin insensitive low affinity
for transfer of glucose between liver and blood, and has a role in renal glucose reabsorption.
Unlike GLUT4, it does not rely on insulin for facilitated diffusion.

Question 11

Effect insulin on liver

Answer 11

increased glycogen storage and VLDL production

inhibition ketone production and gluconeogenesis

Question 12

effect insulin on muscle

Answer 12

GLUT4 inserted and favour glucose use. Increase triglyceride storage, reduced FFA and glycerol export
exercise via adrenaline also induces GLUT4 and synergises insulin

Question 13

effect insulin on fat

Answer 13

GLUT4 inserted and favour glucose use. Increase in triglyceride storage, reduced FFA and glycerol export

Question 14

Glucagon stimulus and antagonist

Answer 14

release driven by AA and antagonised by glucose

Question 15

Glucagon receptor

Answer 15

GPCR linked to Gs

Question 16

Glucagon effects

Answer 16

Increase glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis
glucose export
Fa used as energy source and ketone body production
lipolysis in adipocytes
proteolysis in muscle

Question 17

Somatostatin

Answer 17

release stimulated by [H+] and inhibited by Ach

Inhibits release of gastrin, CCK and secretin