Obesity Flashcards
Which diseases are linked to obesity?
T2 Diabetes, Cancer, Angina, Hypertension, CHD, stroke, infertility
What is the epidemiological trend of obesity?
Past: Affected the rich
Now: Poverty and lower S-Econ groups
Which 3 main components are found in the epidemiology of obesity?
1) Biology
2) Environment
3) Behaviour
What is a normal BMI range and how is it calculated?
18.5-24.9
Weight (KG) / Height(squared) (m)
Which aspects of behaviour can be linked to weight gain?
1) Diet patterns
2) Reduced physical activity
3) Employment: Shit work, lack of sleep, hormones
Which developmental issues increase/decrease obesity?
Increase: Rapid infant weight gain, childhood obesity and premature intro of foods
Decrease: Breast feeding
What is satiation and satiety?
Satiation: What ends an eating episode
Satiety: Inter-meal period
What are direct and indirect controls of meal size?
D: All factors relating to direct contact of food with GI mucosa receptors
ID: Metabolic, endocrine, social, environmental, all override Direct
Which genetic conditions linked to obesity?
1) Prader-Willi
2) Mutations of leptin and melanocortin
3) Congenital Leptin Deficiency
Describe the Satiety cascade
Sensory>Cognitive>Post-Ingestive>Post-Absorptive
Theory of reducing energy density of foods?
Reduce energy density, reduces calories without reducing portion size
How can energy density be reduced? (4 ways)
1) Incorporation of Water/Air
2) Fruit and Veg
3) Reducing Fat
4) Method of Cooking
What is energy compensation?
Adjustment of energy intake following ingestion of food (Lower with liquids)
What is role of alcohol in over eating?
Stimulates intake of food, with no satiety, with adding to daily energy intake and poor food choice.
What 3 factors promote over-eating?
1) Psychological
2) Food-characteristic
3) Environmental
