Obesity

Question 1

from 1980 to 2011

Answer 1

prevalence has doubled

Question 2

normal weight more ___

Answer 2

women than men

Question 3

obese class 3 more ____

Answer 3

women than men

Question 4

overweight more ??

Answer 4

men than women

Question 5

intra-abdominal ( visceral ) fat is an ________ predictor od all cause mortality

Answer 5

independent

Question 6

obesity increases the risk of

Answer 6

cancer, all cause mortality, hepatobilliart disorders (gallstones, NAFD, reproductive disorders ( gynecomastia , PCOS, fetal and maternal deaths

Question 7

metabolism of obesity - compare sedentary to moderatly active person to sedentary obese

Answer 7

sedentary = least TEE
active = percentages change, so while still technically more REE, the % looks less. and PAL goes up to 40-50%
in the sedentary obese: TEE is higher than in sedentary non-obese - bc have more metabolically active tissue and LBM than the non-obese so REE is dramatically increased

Question 8

etiology of obesity

Answer 8

genes not adapted

- excess energy, more sedentary

Question 9

satiety

Answer 9

feeling of fullness

Question 10

satiation

Answer 10

state of being full between meals

Question 11

the defence of body weight main points

Answer 11

• induced weight gain is associated with many physiological changes which encourage weight regain

Question 12

what are the 2 region sin the brain with opposing effects?

Answer 12

NPY & agRP (stimulate food intake)

POMC ( oppose food intake)

Question 13

NPY and agRP

Answer 13

stimulate hunger and food intake

Question 14

POMC

Answer 14

oppose food intake

Question 15

homeostatic control of hunger

Answer 15

peripheral info enters the bloodstream and the vagus nerve and goes to the hypothalmus

Question 16

hedonic control

Answer 16

environmental factors, emotional, social

- cortex and reward system in the limbic system can override homeostatic control

Question 17

POMC, oxytocin, Serotonin

Answer 17

anorexigenic

Question 18

histamine, urocortin, TRH, CRH

Answer 18

anorexigenic

Question 19

NPY, agRP, orexins, MCH, opiods

Answer 19

orexigenic

Question 20

anorexigenic GI tract peptides

Answer 20

everything but ghrelin

- CCK, GLP, PYY,

Question 21

genetic role in obesity

Answer 21

polygenic disease
- multiple genes have small effect on predisposition vs environment
genes may affect several aspects: appetite, metabolism, distrubution of body fat
- susceptibility to obesity is genetically and epigenetically determined

Question 22

adoption study

Answer 22

BMI more simular to BMI of biological parents than the adoptive

Question 23

BMI and quantity of fat

Answer 23

only 5% genetic, 65% non-transmissible variation, 30% cultural transmission

Question 24

total fat and distribution of fat

Answer 24

30% genetic

Question 25

environmental factors

Answer 25

all time access to high processed foods

energy dense foods, sedentary lifestyle, obesogenic environment

Question 26

medical condition and pharmacological agents involved in obesity

Answer 26

Down syndrome, Cushing disease, hypothyroidism, PCOS, anti diabetic agents (insulin), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,

Question 27

obesity deinition

Answer 27

obesity is a must-causal chronic disease resulting from long-term + energy balance and developing excess adipose which leads to structural abnormalities, physiological derangements and functional impairments
- greater risk of other diseases

Question 28

obesity assessment

Answer 28

dietary habits
PA
medical
behavioural

Question 29

Physical activity

Answer 29

ALL leisure and non-leisure body movement resulting in substantial increase in EE

Question 30

exercise

Answer 30

a form of leisure time PA that is planned, structured and repetitive- main objective to improve fittness