Obesity Flashcards
from 1980 to 2011
prevalence has doubled
normal weight more ___
women than men
obese class 3 more ____
women than men
overweight more ??
men than women
intra-abdominal ( visceral ) fat is an ________ predictor od all cause mortality
independent
obesity increases the risk of
cancer, all cause mortality, hepatobilliart disorders (gallstones, NAFD, reproductive disorders ( gynecomastia , PCOS, fetal and maternal deaths
metabolism of obesity - compare sedentary to moderatly active person to sedentary obese
sedentary = least TEE
active = percentages change, so while still technically more REE, the % looks less. and PAL goes up to 40-50%
in the sedentary obese: TEE is higher than in sedentary non-obese - bc have more metabolically active tissue and LBM than the non-obese so REE is dramatically increased
etiology of obesity
genes not adapted
- excess energy, more sedentary
satiety
feeling of fullness
satiation
state of being full between meals
the defence of body weight main points
- induced weight gain is associated with many physiological changes which encourage weight regain
what are the 2 region sin the brain with opposing effects?
NPY & agRP (stimulate food intake)
POMC ( oppose food intake)
NPY and agRP
stimulate hunger and food intake
POMC
oppose food intake
homeostatic control of hunger
peripheral info enters the bloodstream and the vagus nerve and goes to the hypothalmus
hedonic control
environmental factors, emotional, social
- cortex and reward system in the limbic system can override homeostatic control
POMC, oxytocin, Serotonin
anorexigenic
histamine, urocortin, TRH, CRH
anorexigenic
NPY, agRP, orexins, MCH, opiods
orexigenic
anorexigenic GI tract peptides
everything but ghrelin
- CCK, GLP, PYY,
genetic role in obesity
polygenic disease
- multiple genes have small effect on predisposition vs environment
genes may affect several aspects: appetite, metabolism, distrubution of body fat
- susceptibility to obesity is genetically and epigenetically determined
adoption study
BMI more simular to BMI of biological parents than the adoptive
BMI and quantity of fat
only 5% genetic, 65% non-transmissible variation, 30% cultural transmission
total fat and distribution of fat
30% genetic
environmental factors
all time access to high processed foods
energy dense foods, sedentary lifestyle, obesogenic environment
medical condition and pharmacological agents involved in obesity
Down syndrome, Cushing disease, hypothyroidism, PCOS, anti diabetic agents (insulin), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,
obesity deinition
obesity is a must-causal chronic disease resulting from long-term + energy balance and developing excess adipose which leads to structural abnormalities, physiological derangements and functional impairments
- greater risk of other diseases
obesity assessment
dietary habits
PA
medical
behavioural
Physical activity
ALL leisure and non-leisure body movement resulting in substantial increase in EE
exercise
a form of leisure time PA that is planned, structured and repetitive- main objective to improve fittness
