MI Flashcards
what is secondary prevention
healthcare designed to r=prevent the reoccurrence of CV events in patients diagnoses with CVD
FRS not available for ` aged?
80 +
why CVD risk increase after menopause
decrease estrogen ( keeps blood vessels flexible)
what happens during menopause
increase in LDL, BP increases, HDL declines, TG increase
adults with diabetes are how much more likely to die from MI
2-4
normal BMI
18.5- 24.9
symptoms of MI
pain or discomfort, vomiting, nausea, shortness of breath, back or joint pain
troponin peak
12 hours - test for myocardial damage
what other tests for myocardial damage
CK-MB test (10-24 hours) and lactate dehydrogenase test (72 hours)
PCTA
minimally invasive surgery to open up blood vessels
diet immediately after MI
NPO or clear liquids without caffeine ( want o max blood to heart not GI)
heart healthy eating plan
mediterranean diet
if high TG ( above 1.7)
avoid sweets, sugars, simple carbs, alcohol, reach heathy weight
atrial fibrillation
irregular heart beat ( risk factor for stroke)
treatment for atrial fibrillation
anti-coagulant
vit K consistent
warfarin
what have to be careful with? cooked greens ( bc very concentrated)
natural products that affect clotting time ?
onion, garlic, avovado soy milk, green tea
why does the heart become less effective in heart failure?
there has been injury to the heart and compensatory actions take over to maintain cardiac output ( norepphrine and RAAS) and so ventricular muscles undergo hypertrophy ( large heart ) not a good thin g
abdominal aortic aneurysm
weakened or bulging area in aorta- cause unknown but factor that cause it are smoking, HBP and vascululitus ( infection )
angina
chest pain caused by coronary arteries damaged or blocked ( less oxygen)
CAD
coronary artery disease ( narrow of the small blood vessels that carry blood and O2 to the heart ( angina is a symptom of this)
congestive heart disease
heart can’t pump enough
syncopy
fainting, light headedness caused by brief dropping blood flow to the brain
PVD
atherosclerotic disease in peripheral vessels
risk factors for heart failure
HPT
IHT, diabetes, heavy alcohol, smoking ,
symptoms of HF
leg swelling, decreased ejection fraction breathlessness, fatigue, confusion, lungs crackling, low BP, but fast HR ( compensatory)
Q waves, tachycardia
ejection fraction measured by
ECHO
most often which side of heart fails first
left ( decreased pressure going to the body) ( kidney detects this and activates RAAS- increase BP) and high pressure in the pulmonary capillaries ( pressure build up) so pulmonary edema
right side fails decreased pressure going to the
lungs , and edema in the rest of the body ( from pressure build up)
ascites
edema in the abdominal cavities
what can be a sign that heart failure is getting wrose
sudden weight gain
why does the heart enlarge?
RAAS is activated, increase HR, has to pump more often to supply the same amount of blood bc less efficient
why elevated natriuretic peptides?
secreted why left ventricles are stretched ( bc normally want o lower BP )
how to treat CHF
diuretics to increase urination and lower BP
how would dietician assess fluid balance in a patient with CHF
lab values may be diluted, skin clammy, I &O from nurses, weight and BMI may be hard to assess due to fluid retention
3 nutritional concerns for HF patients
sodium intake
fluid intake
nutritional adequacy
sodium and water intake for HF managment
2000 mg/d ( if more= raise BP)
1-2 L/d
10-15% HF patients develope
cardiac cachexia ( loss of lean body mass - soft and flabby heart) - high mortality
