Obesity Flashcards
What is obesity?
A condition of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, to the extent that health is impaired
What BMI is considered clinically obese?
> 30
Is obesity genetic?
- around 60-70%
- Identical twins tend to have similar BMIs, irrelevant of environment
- polygenomic
Mechanism of appetite?
- leptin (body fat)
- insulin (pancreas)
- hypothalamus
What is the most common gene associated with obesity?
MC4R
What factors that effect the risk of obesity?
- ability to play outside
- car use
- screen time
- education level / achievement
- poverty
- social deprivation
What drives obesity?
The environment either heightens or reduces the impact of genetics on the risk of obesity
What co-morbidities are associated with obesity?
- depression
- sleep apnoea
- stroke
- myocardial infarction
- hypertension
- diabetes
- peripheral vascular disease
- gout
- osteoarthritis
- bowel cancer
- infertility
- gallbladder disease
Impact of obesity of cancer?
Incidence of cancers increases in those with obesity
What does an BMI above 35 mean for your life expectancy?
2 x the risk of death of those of a healthy BMI
Only effective example of reduction in obesity at a national level?
- economy collapse, fuel and food shortages
How do we treat obesity?
- determine degree of obesity
- assess lifestyle, co-morbidities and willingness to change
- management, lifestyle changes, drug treatment
- consider referral to specialist
- possibly: bariatric surgery
Why do weight rebounds happen?
Hypothalamus thinks: starvation, therefore encourages you to regain +more (increases appetite)
What does leptin deficient mean?
- inhibit immune + reproductive system
- insatiable hunger
- body is in survival mode, irrelevant of what is seen in the mirror
- almost impossible to lose weight
How to address health issues caused by diabetes?
- identify how difficult losing weight is