Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Casey: Panre > Ob-gyn > Flashcards

Ob-gyn Flashcards

1
Q

The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle (days 14-28) is dominated by what hormone?

A

Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is a nulliparous or multiparous woman more likely to get preeclampsia?

A

Nulliparity is a risk factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Since a genetic cause is the number one reason for primary amenorrhea what is one very important test?

A

Karotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prurulent cervical discharge should make you think of what dx?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A description of a young girl with a web neck or wide shield chest should make you think of what dx?

A

Turner’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A cervical bx comes back as C1N1. What is the next step?

A

Repeat Pap smear in 6 mos. repeat colposcopy in 12 mos.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea?

A

Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 3 labs should you consider if you are considering secondary amenorrhea?

A

Beta-HCG
TSH
Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define premature birth

A

Delivery before 37 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A unilateral, single, mobile, firm, nontender solid breast mass should make you think of what dx?

A

Fibroadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define metorrhagia

A

Bleeding between menstrual cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Postmenopausal bleeding is immediately believed to be what dx

A

Endometrial cancer until proven otherwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

During what portion of the menstrual cycle does PMS occur?

A

By definition it is in the second half and menstruation should relieve the symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you tx Bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole x 7d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What location within the pelvis is endometriosis most commonly found ?

A

On an ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What lab text is the gold standard for chlamydia?

A

Nucleic acid amplification test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are fibrocystic breast masses usually bilateral or unilateral?

A

Bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you definitively dx endometriosis?

A

Exploratory laparoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most common uterine tumor?

A

Leiomyoma, aka fibroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What ethnic background is at an increased risk for fibroids?

A

African Americans are 5x more likely to have fibroids compared to Caucasian women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you tx vaginal candida?

A

Fluconazole po 1 dose or azole cream x 1 wk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the first step of tx for endometrial cancer?

A

Total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If you see the term chocolate cyst, it should make you think of what dx?

A

Endometrioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A surge in what hormone leads to ovulation?

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A pt presents with irregular menses, hitsutism& infertility. What is the most likely dx?

A

Pcos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What endocrine issue is associated with PCOS?

A

Insulin insensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

You have a pt with PCOS who would like to get pregnant. What are two medications you may start her on?

A

Metformin and clomid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the medical tx for an early ectopic pregnancy?

A

Methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

An ovarian cyst that contains hair and teeth should make you think of what dx?

A

Teratoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the mean age for ovarian cancer!

A

63

You will need to think of this in an older pt with vague symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define the second stage of labor

A

Fully dilated to delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A 67 yo female pt presents with bouts of nausea, weight loss and vague abdominal pain. What is the most likely dx?

A

Ovarian cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When is it recommended to begin pap smears?

A

Guidelines suggest beginning at age 21 regardless of sexual activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A cervical bx comes back as CIN2 or 3. What is your next step?

A

Excision-LEEP, cold knife (worry about incompetent cervix), cryotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

List 2 risk factors for cervical cancer.

A

Multiple sexual partners

Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How much time needs to pass before diagnosing secondary amenorrhea?

A

If cycles have been normal 3 months. If cycles have been abnormal 6 months.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is a cystocele?

A

A herniation of the bladder into the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the tx for Turner’s syndrome?

A

Cyclical estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are three treatments for uterine prolapse?

A

Pessary
Kegel’s maneuvers
Surgical repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the most common organism that causes mastitis?

A

Staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

At approximately how many weeks pregnant is the uterus at the level of the umbilicus?

A

20 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the most common of postpartum hemorrhage?

A

Uterine atony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Define missed abortion

A

No baginal bleeding, cervical is closed, products of conception are still inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

At what age is primary amenorrhea diagnosed?

A

Age 14 if no secondary sex characteristics. Age 16 if some secondary development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the first line tx for mastitis?

A

Dicloxacillin

Cephalexein or erythromycin are second line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Should a breast feeding mother stop breastfeeding if she develops mastitis?

A

Mastitis is not a reason to stop, but an abscess is.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

A physical exam revealing a retroverted uterus or uterosacral ligament nodularity should make you think of what dx?

A

Endometriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

At how many weeks of pregnancy can an amniocentesis be done?

A

15-20 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

List four risk factors for breast cancer

A 
BRCA1 or BRCA2 positive 
Unopposed estrous
Nulliparity
Early menarche 
Late menopause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the average age of menopause?

A

51

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

The follicular phase of menstruation is dominated by what hormone?

A

Estrogen

52
Q

About how much weight should a woman gain during pregnancy?

A

20-35lbs

53
Q

Thin, sticky malodorous vaginal discharge should make you think of what dx?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

54
Q

Vaginal infection with motile flagellated Protozoa should make you think of what dx?

A

Trichomonas vaginitis

55
Q

List 2 meds commonly used for hypertension in pregnancy

A

Methyldopa

Labetalol

56
Q

What is the classic triad of preeclampsia?

A

HTN
Edema
Proteinuria

57
Q

Why is ovarian cancer so hard to diagnose?

A

There are no good markers and the symptoms are very vague.

58
Q

What are two important things you need to tell pts before putting them on metronidazole?

A

Stay out of the sun and avoid alcohol

59
Q

Define inevitable abortion

A

Vaginal bleeding
Cervix is open
Products of conception are still inside

60
Q

How is the first day of the menstrual cycle defined?

A

The first day of bleeding

61
Q

What is the karotype for a pt with Turner’s syndrome?

A

45, X

They are missing one sex chromosome

62
Q

Give the definition of preterm Labor

A

Contractions that open the cervix before 37 weeks

63
Q

A pt presents with mucopurulent discharge and cervical motion tenderness. What is the most likely dx?

A

Chlamydia-cervicitis

64
Q

Which four human papilloma viruses are linked to cervical cancer?

A

HPV 16, 18, 31, 33

65
Q

Clue cells should make you think of what dx?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

66
Q

What is the hallmark physical exam finding for placenta previa?

A

Trick: never do a PE on a pt with suspected placenta previa.

67
Q

What medium do you need to grow out Neisseria gonorrhea?

A

Thayer-Martin

68
Q

What age range is the HPV vaccination recommended for?

A

9-26 yo

69
Q

A patient with primary amenorrhea and a low FSH should make you think of what dx?

A

Hypothalamic pituitary insufficiency

70
Q

What characteristic of pelvic inflammatory disease will help differentiate it in a question stem from ectopic pregnancy, appendicitis, ovarian torsion and ovarian cyst?

A

It will be bilateral pain. Most other common abdominal complaints have unilateral pain.

71
Q

List 2 risk factors for ovarian cancer.

A 
BRCA1
family history
nulliparity
late menopause 
Caucasian
Asian
72
Q

Define abortion

A

Delivery of uterine contents before 20 weeks.

73
Q

Does mastitis tend to be unilateral or bilateral?

A

Unilateral and only one quadrant.

74
Q

Define full term.

A

Delivery at 37-42 weeks.

75
Q

When does quickening occur?

A

Nulliparous 18-20 weeks, Multiparous 14-16 wks

76
Q

List three risk factors for placental abruption.

A 
HTN
smoking
AMA
cocaine use
PROM
77
Q

What is the treatment for ovarian cancer.

A

Total hysterectomy and bilateral sapling-oophorectomy. then chemo and radiation.

78
Q

A patient believes she is pregnant. You notice that her cervix appears a little blue. What is the name of this sign?

A

Chadwick’s sign

79
Q

At approximately how many weeks pregnant is the uterus at the level of the symphysis pubis?

A

12 wks

80
Q

A snowstorm appearance on ultrasound should make you think of what dx?

A

Hydatidiform mole

81
Q

What medication can be used to control bleeding due to uterine atony?

A

Oxytocin (Pitocin)

82
Q

What is the term when the placenta has implanted directly over the cervical os?

A

Placenta previa

83
Q

At how many weeks of pregnancy can chorionic villus sampling be done?

A

10-13 wks

84
Q

Why is folic acid given as a prenatal vitamin?

A

Low folic acid can leave to neural tube defects.

85
Q

What is the most common endometrial cancer?

A

75% are adenocarcinomas

86
Q

A strawberry cervix with copious yellow/green discharge should make you think of what dx?

A

Trichomonas vaginitis

87
Q

What organism causes us to warm pregnant pts to stay away from deli meats and soft cheeses?

A

Listeria

88
Q

The baby was delivered several minutes ago. Suddenly there is an increase in blood flow from the vagina and the cord noticeably lengthens. What is the most likely cause of these signs?

A

Placental separation

89
Q

What are two medications used to induce labor?

A

Cervidil (prostaglandin gel applied to the cervix) which encourages ripening and oxytocin which encourages uterine contractions.

90
Q

As part of the antepartum testing a baby has a positive stress test. What does that mean?

A

They have have 2 heart rate accelerations in a :20 period of 15 beats above baseline for at least 15 seconds. This is a good thing.

91
Q

Is FSH high/low in Turner’s syndrome?

A

High, there are no ovaries to respond to FSH and so there is no negative feedback.

92
Q

What is the most common type of ovarian cyst?

A

Functional cyst: no tx necessary

93
Q

Defined threatened abortion.

A

Vaginal bleeding, closed cervix, products of conception are still inside.

94
Q

List 4 risk factors for endometrial cancer

A 
Chronic unopposed estrogen
nulliparity
early menarche
late menopause
tamoxifen
DM
obesity
HTN
breast CA
ovarian CA
95
Q

What would you expect to see on a KOH prep if the pt had vaginal candidiasis?

A

Pseudohyphae

96
Q

What is the #1 cause of septic arthritis in sexually active young adults?

A

Neisseria gonorrheae

97
Q

How many days after conception is a serum beta-HCG positive?

A

8

98
Q

If the pap smear results come back anything other than negative or ASCUS what is your next step?

A

Colposcopy and biopsy

99
Q

Grape-like vesicles or a sack of grapes on ultrasound should make you think of what dx?

A

hydatidiform mole

100
Q

What med is used to increase surfactant levels and help c lung maturity if you are worried about preterm labor?

A

Betamethasone

101
Q

What are two tocolytic medications you should be aware of? (to suppress preterm labor)

A

Magnesium sulfate and CCB

102
Q

A woman presents to the ED concerned she is in preterm labor. What tx should you begin before even getting any imaging or lab results?

A

give IV fluids: most often the pt is suffering from dehydration

103
Q

The pap smear results on a 23yo pt come back as atypical squamous cell uncertain significance (ASCUS). What is your next step?

A

Repeat pap smear in 12 dos although HPV test is acceptable.

104
Q

What are three ways you can check for ruptured membranes?

A

Ferning pattern on a slide
visualize leakage from the cervix
pooling in the vagina

105
Q

What is the normal range of fetal HR?

A

120-160

106
Q

Define menorrhagia.

A

Heavy prolonged menstrual flow

107
Q

What Rh combo for mom and dad might cause the mom to create antibodies against the baby’s RBC?

A

Mom Rh-negative and Dad Rh-positive

108
Q

At what point during pregnancy is RhoGAM given if it is needed?

A

28 wks

109
Q

Define complete abortion.

A

vaginal bleeding
cervix open
products of conception have passed

110
Q

Gestational diabetes puts mom and baby at increased risk for what 3 things?

A

Preeclampsia
Macrosomia (traumatic birth)
slowing in fetal lung development

111
Q

Which is associated with painful third trimester bleeding: placental abruption or placenta previa?

A

Placental abruption

112
Q

What are three causes for postpartum hemorrhage?

A

Uterine atony
genital laceration
retained placenta

113
Q

What meds are used to tx a postpartum metritis?

A

Clindamycin and gentamicin together

114
Q

What is the most common sexually transmitted bacteria?

A

Chlamydia

115
Q

Interference with work or school is part of which dx: premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

A

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

116
Q

Which reproductive CA carries the highest rates of death in women?

A

Ovarian CA

117
Q

What is the most common infection following a C-section?

A

Metritis

118
Q

How do you treat a trichomonas infection?

A

Metronidazole

119
Q

Define incomplete abortion.

A

Vaginal bleeding
cervix is open
products of conception partially passed

120
Q

What is the most common site of an ectopic pregnancy?

A

within a fallopian tube

121
Q

Early on in pregnancy serial beta-HCG should double oner what time period?

A

every 48-72 hrs

122
Q

Define procidentia

A

Uterine prolapse beyond the introitus

123
Q

What is the more popular term for Stein-Leventhal syndrome?

A

PCOS

124
Q

What is the formula for calculating estimated date of confinement or due date?

A

first day of LMP + 7d - 3 months

125
Q

What are the five components of the biophysical profile as part of antepartum testing?

A 
a non stress test
fetal breathing
two gross body movements
fetal tone
amniotic fluid index
126
Q

Define the first stage of labor

A

Onset of contractions to full dilation of the cervix.

127
Q

A rope like breast mass should make you think of what dx?

A

Fibrocystic breast mass

Casey: Panre (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions