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Casey: Panre > Genitourinary > Flashcards

Genitourinary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

A

Calcium: 85% of stones

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2
Q

What is the most specific imaging modality for diagnosing kidney stones?

A

CT

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3
Q

Will a spermatocele transilluminate?

A

Yes

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4
Q

A kidney stone of less than what size will likely pass on its own?

A

Less than 5mm

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5
Q

List 3 possible txs for stress incontinence in women

A

Kegels
Estrogen therapy
Surgical placement of a urethral sling

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6
Q

A 65 yo male presents with frequency. On DRE you feel an elastic moderately enlarged prostate. What is the most likely dx?

A

BPH

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7
Q

A PSA above what level should start to make you concerned?

A

> 4.0

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8
Q

Give 2 major risk factors for erectile dysfunction.

A

Diabetes
HTN
Depression
Coronary artery disease

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9
Q

List one major risk factor for bladder CA

A

Smoking

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10
Q

Define paraphimosis

A

Foreskin is retracted and cannot be reduced

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11
Q

Which problem is an emergency: phimosis or paraphimosis?

A

Paraphimosis

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12
Q

What is the name of the condition that involves fibrous scar tissue in the penis causing a curvature of the erect penis?

A

Peyronie’s disease

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13
Q

Both testicles should be descended by what age?

A

3 months

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14
Q

Feeling a bag of worms in the scrotum should make you think of what dx?

A

Varicocele

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15
Q

A fluid filled painless mass found in the scrotum which transilluminates should make you think of what dx?

A

Hydrocele

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16
Q

What is the first line tx for a varicocele?

A

Watchful waiting unless there is question of fertility

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17
Q

Name the sign which is defined as decreased pain with scrotal elevation.

A

Prehn’s sign

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18
Q

Maltese crosses in the urine should make you think of what dx?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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19
Q

What is the imaging study of choice if you suspect bladder cancer?

A

Cystoscopy and biopsy

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20
Q

What is the most likely dx for a free floating, painless, cystic mass found posterior and superior to the testis?

A

Spermatocele

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21
Q

What age range is typically associated with testicular torsion?

A

10-20 yo

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22
Q

Where is the epididymis found?

A

It is found at the posterior upper pole.

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23
Q

What is the best imaging to r/o testicular torsion?

A

Doppler u/s for decreased blood flow to the testes

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24
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of epididymitis?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea and chlamydia

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25
Q

What medication classes are ex’ed IOT help prevent chronic renal failure in diabetes patients?

A

ACEIs or ARBs

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26
Q

Will epididymitis feel better c scrotal elevation?

A

Yes

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27
Q

What is the normal level of serum bicarbonate (HCO3)?

A

24mEg/L

28
Q

What is the tx for epididymitis?

A

Ceftriaxone and doxycycline

29
Q

What is the first line antibiotic treatment for cystitis?

A

Bactrim

30
Q

What is the most common organism that causes a bladder infection?

A

E. coli

31
Q

Tenderness at the costovertebral angle should make you think of what dx?

A

Pyelonephritis

32
Q

What is the condition where the urethral meatus is not at the tip of the penis?

A

Hypospadias and in far fewer cases epispadias

33
Q

What is the most common organism responsible for prostatitis?

A

E. coli

34
Q

What is the first line antibiotic for prostatitis?

A

Bactrium 4-6 wks

35
Q

list 2 risk factors for prostate cancer

A

advancing age
African American
positive family hx
high fat diet

36
Q

What might you feel on DRE of a pt c prostate ca?

A

Enlarged prostate, hard nodules within the prostate

37
Q

Define priapism

A

Painful persistent erection

38
Q

A prostate bx consists of how many samples?

A

6-12

39
Q

Painless hematuria should make you think of what dx?

A

Bladder cancer

40
Q

What is the most common bladder cancer?

A

Transitional cell cancer

41
Q

Define phimosis

A

Foreskin cannot be retracted

42
Q

Name the condition in which the head of the penis curves downward or upward, at the junctions of the head and shaft of the penis. (often assoc c hypospadias)

A

Chord

43
Q

How do you treat urethritis?

A

Ceftriaxone and doxycycline

44
Q

A 3 yo boy presents c hematuria and a painless palpable abdominal mass. What is the most likely dx?

A

Wilms tumor

45
Q

List 3 possible causes of prerenal renal failure

A

CHF
severe dehydration
hemorrhage

46
Q

What is the most common cause of postrenal renal failure

A

BPH: post renal renal failure is secondary to an outflow obstruction

47
Q

Muddy-brown sediment in the urine should make you think of what dx

A

Acute tubular necrosis

48
Q

Tea colored urine with red cell casts should make you think of what dx

A

Glomerulonephritis

49
Q

What are the two most common predisposing factors in the development of chronic renal failure?

A

HTN and DM

50
Q

A sponge-like prostate on DRE should make you think of what dx?

A

Prostatitis but be careful b/c you can cause sepsis with a DRE!

51
Q

Will serum potassium be decreased or elevated in renal failure?

A

Elevated

52
Q

A urine protein of >3.5 grams/day should make you think of what dx?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

53
Q

What hereditary pattern does polycystic kidney disease follow?

A

Autosomal dominant

54
Q

What is the normal pH of the blood?

A

7.35-7.45

55
Q

What is the most accurate way to dx urethritis?

A

urine PCR

56
Q

What is considered a normal PCO2?

A

40mmHg

57
Q

An ABG shows ph of 7.2, a bicarb of 25 and a PCO2 of 50. Is this respiratory or metabolic acidosis?

A

Respiratory: CO2 is elevated

58
Q

White blood cell casts should make you think of what dx?

A

pyelonephritis

59
Q

What area of the prostate is the primary site for prostate cancer?

A

the peripheral zone

60
Q

What are of the prostate is affected by BPH?

A

the transitional zone

61
Q

An involuntary loss of urine during coughing or laughing is what type of incontinence?

A

stress incontinence

62
Q

A pt who has normal bladder function but can not get to the bathroom has what type of incontinence?

A

Functional incontinence

63
Q

What type of incontinence is often associated with BPH?

A

overflow incontinence: the bladder cannot empty sufficiently

64
Q

At what age do you begin screening pts for prostate ca? What two tests are used?

A

At age 50 an annual DRE and PSA are recommended

65
Q

Often caused by chlamydia what is the syndrome characterized by urethritis (or cervicitis), arthritis and conjunctivitis?

A

Reiter’s syndrome

66
Q

What is the most common type of testicular cancer?

A

Nonseminoma

Casey: Panre (12 decks)

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