Endocrinology Flashcards
What two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH:vasopressin)
What is Sheehan’s syndrome?
Ischemia of the pituitary due to volume depletion
how do glitazones work?
They improve insulin sensitivity.
Large doughy hands make you think of what dx?
Gigantism
Diabetes insipidus is caused by deficiency of what hormone?
Vasopressin
How much more potent is T3 than T4?
3-4x
What is the first line medical tx for a pheochromocytoma?
Alpha blocker.
What is the best imaging for a thyroid nodule?
Ultrasound
A patient presents with ED and c/o of some numbness in his feet. On second thought, he has noticed significant polyuria and polydipsia. What dx should you be thinking of?
Diabetic neuropathy
Pretibial myxedema should make you think of what dx?
Graves’ disease
A 35 yo female presents c heat intolerance, wt loss and palpitations. What is the most likely dx?
Hyperthyroidism
what is the first line medical tx for a pt who presents with palpitations and nervousness secondary to hyperthyroidism?
Beta blockers
What is Hashimoto’s disease?
An autoimmune cause of hypothyroidism
How does levothyroxine work?
It is a synthetic T4
What is the most common thyroid cancer?
Papillary: it makes up about 80% of thyroid CA
In a patient with hyperthyroidism, will TSH most likely be elevated or decreased?
Decreased
How do fibrates work to affect the lipid profile?
They inhibit synthesis of VLDL and elevate lipoprotein lipase
What med might you use prior to thyroidectomy in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Methimazole or propylthiouracil (PTU)
What is included in Whipple’s triad of hypoglycemia?
hx of previous hypoglycemia
serum glucose of <40
immediate recovery upon admin of glucose
Positive antithyroid peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies should make you think of what dx?
Hashimoto’s
What is the tx for myxedema?
Levothyroxine and slow warming
What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroid?
post thyroidectomy with the complication of parathyroidectomy
What is Chvostek’s sign?
Tap on facial nerve and get a twitch with low Ca
cortical adrenal insufficiency is also known as what dz?
Addison’s disease
What is Trousseau’s sign?
Inflate BP cuff and hold for 3 minutes. Pt c low Ca will get carpal tunnel syndrome.
What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?
Single parathyroid adenoma in 80% of cases.
In cushing’s disease, is ACTH elevated or decreased?
Elevated