OB 1 Kenobi Flashcards

1
Q

What is the “count to 10 method?”

A

Perception of 10 fetal movements over 2 hours

or

Perception of 4 fetal movements over 1 hour (while mother is at rest)

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2
Q

What testing should be done at 15-20 weeks gestation? (during 2nd trimester)

A

Invasive Dx Testing

  • Amniocentesis (genetic material from amniotic fluid is extracted, risk of miscarriage is 0.6%)
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3
Q

When does the baby drop in fundal height?

A

36-38 weeks

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4
Q

Describe Hegar’s Sign

(normal pregnancy PE finding)

A

Softening of uterine isthmus

6-8 weeks gestation

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5
Q

What is Nagele’s rule?

A

Used to calculate Expected Date of Confinement (EDC)

  • Add 7 days to LMP
  • Subtract 3 months
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6
Q

Define 3rd trimester

A

29-40 weeks (12 weeks)

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7
Q

When should a woman start taking prenatal vitamins?

A

3 months prior to conceiving

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8
Q

Define post-term infant

A

Live born birth AFTER 42 weeks gestation

(perinatal mortality (death of fetus or neonate) increases as gestation advances beyond due date)

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9
Q

At 12 weeks, what anatomical landmark is the fundal height?

A

pubic symphysis

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10
Q

An US completed at the initial OB visit can do what 2 things?

A
  • Establish/Confirm EDC
  • Detect fetal heart activity at 5-6 weeks gestation
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11
Q

How is gestational age calculated?

A

Age of fetus calculated from 1st day of LMP

(includes 2 weeks when woman is not pregnant)

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12
Q

What murmur is seen in pregnancy and totally normal for pregnancy?

A

Systolic ejection murmur

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13
Q

What is the total weight gain for pregnancy?

A

25-35 lbs

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14
Q

Define neonate

A

Live born birth –> 28 days old

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15
Q

Describe Goodell’s sign

(normal pregnancy PE finding)

A

Softening of cervix

4-6 weeks

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16
Q

Define 2nd trimester

A

13 - 28 weeks (16 weeks)

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17
Q
  • Most home pregnancy tests are + by the time of a missed menses (+/- 1 week), HCG is approximately what??
  • HCG is produced by what? Rises exponentially for how many weeks before it plateaus?
  • Corpus luteum produces what hormone until how many weeks post-fertilization?
A
  • 25
  • placenta / 10 weeks
  • progesterone till 6 weeks, then placenta takes over
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18
Q

What happens to Tidal Volume, PO2, Expiratory Reserve, and PCO2 in pregnancy?

A

↑ TV & PO2

↓ Exp Reserve & PCO2

19
Q

What are 4 visible sxs of pregnancy?

A
  • Linea nigra
  • Melasma (>16 weeks = mask of preg)
  • Leukorrhea
  • Stretch marks
20
Q

How is Fetal age calculated?

A

Age of fetus calculated from time of implantation

(2 weeks less than gestational age) = actual fetus age

21
Q

How much folic acid supplementation is needed for low risk vs. high risk?

Most prenatal vitamins contain how much folic acid?

A
  • Low risk: 0.4 mg
  • High risk: 4 mg
  • Vitamins: 1 mg
22
Q

Define 1st trimester

A

1 - 12 weeks (12 weeks)

23
Q

What happens to gastric motility, gallbladder empyting, GFR, plasma volume, and WBCs in pregnancy?

A

↓ gastric motility & delayed gallbladder emptying

↑ GFR, plasma volume, WBCs

24
Q

Define preterm infant

A

Born prior to 37 weeks gestation

25
Define a fetus
9th week --\> birth
26
Define an embryo
Fertilization --\> 8th week
27
When is fundal height measured? When do cervical exams begin?
**Fundal H:** 20 weeks gestation **Cervical:** 37 weeks gestation
28
What testing should be done at 16-18 weeks gestation (during 2nd trimester)?
**_Genetic Screening_** * **Quad screen:** maternal blood testing of AFP, HCG, Estriol, Inhibin A * **↑ AFP** = neural tube defects or multiple gestation * **Abnormal levels** of AFP, HCG, Estriol, AND Inhibin A **(all 4 tests)** = Trisomy 18 or 21
29
What happens to CO, SV, and systemic vascular resistance in pregnancy?
↑ CO & SV ↓ SVR
30
What testing is done at 10-12 weeks gestation (during 1st trimester)?
**_Invasive Dx Testing_** * **Chorionic Villus Sampling** (risk of miscarriage is 1%, extracts cells from placenta)
31
What is "quickening" and how many weeks gestation does it occur?
First perception of fetal movement * Primigravida (18-20 weeks) * Multigravida (16-20 weeks)
32
What are the frequencies of prenatal care visits? (4)
* Initial visit 6-8 weeks after LMP * Monthly until 28 weeks gestation * Bimonthly 28 weeks - 36 weeks gestation * Weekly 36 weeks until delivery
33
Define an infant
Live born birth --\> 1 year old
34
What are 2 abnormal findings on a UA for pregnancy?
Proteinuria Glucosuria
35
What testing should be done at 11-13 weeks gestation (end of 1st trimester)?
**_Genetic Screening for Down Syndrome_** * **US** to assess nuchal translucency w/ ↑ fluid/thickening and absence of fetal nasal bone * **Maternal Blood Testing:** * ↑ HCG levels * ↓ PAPP-A (pregnancy associated plasma protein A
36
In which trimester is the fetus most sensitive to teratogens?
1st trimester
37
Fetal heart tones begin at what weeks gestation? What is used to evaluate them? How many bpm?
10-12 weeks gestation Hand held doppler 120-160 WNL
38
What are 6 sxs of pregnancy?
* Amenorrhea * N/V (↑HCG, multiple gestation, molar preg) * Breast tenderness * Fatigue * Urinary freq/nocturia * ↑ incidence of UTIs
39
How do you measure fundal height after 20 weeks gestation (from the umbilicus)
1 cm for each week
40
Describe Chadwick's sign | (normal pregnancy PE finding)
Bluish cervix 8-12 weeks gestation
41
At 20 weeks, what anatomical landmark is the fundal height?
Umbilicus
42
What time is fetal movement greatest?
Night
43
* beta HCG levels do what in a normal pregnancy? * What causes sxs in the 1st trimester?
* Double every 48 hours (normal) * Increase in HCG & progesterone causes nausea/vomiting