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6th MELEAH Sur-Gur-RAYYY final lezzzz ace dis shit > OA and OCD > Flashcards

OA and OCD Flashcards

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1
Q
  • OA stands for ______
  • OCD stands for ______ _____
A
  • Osteoarthritis (OA)
  • Osteochrondritis (OCD)
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2
Q

Joint surfaces are lined by ______/______ cartilage

A
  • hyaline/articular
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3
Q

The synovial membrane is made up of synovial cells and ______ cells?

A

dendritic

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4
Q

Hyaline cartilage is made up 90% by Extracellular matrix and ______ make up the remaining 10%

A
  • Chondrocytes
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5
Q

Hyaline cartilage is relatively _____(vascular or avascular) and the nutrition is supplied by ______ ______

A
  • avascular
  • synovial fluid
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6
Q

The stability in the joint comes from the shock absorber which is actually _____ _____

A

hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

True or False:

  • Osteoarthritis and Osteoarthrosis are interchangeable terms
A

True!

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8
Q

What type of joint disease is Osteoarthritis/Osteoarthrosis?

A
  • Non- imflammatory degenerative joint disease (DJD)
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9
Q

Describe what takes place in Osteoarthritis/Osteoarthrosis

  • _____ ______ degeneration
  • Marginal bone ____ aka _____
  • ______ membrane changes
A
  • Articular cartilage degeneration
  • Marginal bone hypertrophy** aka **osteophytosis
  • Synovial membrane changes
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10
Q

Inflammatory arthopathy can either be _____ or non_____

A
  • infectious
  • noninfectious
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11
Q

What are the different types of Non inflammatory arthropathy’s

  • ______
  • ______ _____ ______
  • Trauma
  • Neoplasia
A
  • Dysplasia
  • Degenerative joint disease
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12
Q

Inflammatory arthropathy types are _____ or _____

A

Infectious or non infectious

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13
Q

Which arthopathy can be broken up intp erosive and non erosive?

A

Non infectious inflammatory arthropathy

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14
Q
  • Bacterial
  • Viral
  • Rickettsiae
  • Fungi
  • Mycoplasma
  • Protozoal
  • Spirochetes

Are all examples of what type of arthropathy?

A
  • Inflammatory (infectious)
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15
Q

What are the 2 types of non infectious inflammatory arthropathy’s?

A
  • Erosive
  • Nonerosive
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16
Q

Noninfectious inflammatory arthropathy

  • Erosive
    • ______
    • Feline Chronic ______ _____
  • Nonerosive
    • _____ _____ polyarthritis
    • Chronic inflammatory induced ______
    • Systemic _____ erthematosus
A
  • Erosive
    • _Rhematoid****Q_
    • Feline Chronic Progressive polyarthritis
  • Nonerosive
    • immune mediated polyarthritis
    • Chronic inflammatory induced polyarthritis
    • Systemic Lupus erthematosus
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17
Q

Rhematoid is what type of arthropathy versus Systemic Lupus erthematosus?

A
  • Rhematoid
    • Inflammatory arthropathy (NON infectious) erosive
  • Systemic Lupus
    • Inflammatory arthropathy (NON infectious) nonerosive
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18
Q

What does CREPI stand for and what does it aid in dx of?

A
  • C: crepitus
  • R: range of motion
  • E: effusion
  • P: pain
  • I: instability

Seen upn PE for Osteoarthritis

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19
Q

Osteoarthritis commonly has CREPI, _____ asymmetry, and _____ enlargement as clinical signs

A
  • Muscular asymmetry
  • Joint enlargement
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20
Q

What are some different risk factors for Osteoarthritis?

  • _____
  • _____
  • _____
  • _____
  • ______
A
  • Increasing in age
  • Obesity
  • Repeated trauma and mechanical stress
  • Size and growth rate
  • Breed and genetics
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21
Q

______ and ______ breeds are predisposed to osteoarthritis

A

Labs and GSD

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22
Q

45% of OA dogs are _____ breeds

A

large

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23
Q

Assign each list to a stage of OA

  • Loss of range of motion
  • Vocalization
  • lethargy
  • inappetence
  • crepitus
  • Stiffness
  • decreased activity
  • limping
  • Pain
  • muscle atrophy
  • difficulty rising
A

Severe OA

  • Loss of range of motion
  • Vocalization
  • lethargy
  • inappetence
  • crepitus

Mild OA

  • Stiffness
  • decreased activity
  • limping

Moderate OA

  • Pain
  • muscle atrophy
  • difficulty rising
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24
Q

State the type of arthropathy?

  • Soft tissue swelling and joint capsule without bony changes- multiple joints affected
A

Inflammatory

Noninfectious

Non erosive

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25
Q

State the type of arthropathy?

Subchondral bone may be sclerotic or lytic; +/-periarticular bone formation, +/- joint space narrowing, +/- joint capsule distention and soft tissue swelling

A

Inflammatory

Infectious

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26
Q

State the type of arthropathy?

Joint space collapse; subchondral bone proliferation, periosteal new bone production and soft tissue swelling- multiple joints affected

A

Inflammatory

Noninfectious

Erosive

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27
Q

Rhematoid arthrtis is an _____ type of athropathy?

A

erosive

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28
Q

What are the 3 types of Noninflammatory arthropathy’s? Which ultimately leads to DJD

A
  1. DJD
  2. Trauma *** leads to DJD
  3. Neoplasia
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29
Q

Name the type of arthropathy described?

Soft tissue swelling and intracapsular distension; diminished joint space, periarticular osteophytosis; subchondral bone plate, usually intact but may be sclerotic

A

Non inflammatory DJD

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30
Q

State the type of arthropathy?

Soft tissue swelling and intracapsular distention; destruction of the subchondral bone plate (often on both sides of the joint) with aggressive bone proliferation

A

Non inflammatory (Neoplasia)

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31
Q

ID the type of imaging modality indicated for each indication

  • Bony changes
  • Evaluate soft tissue tendons and structures
  • to localize not diagnose
A
  • CT
    • Bony changes
  • MRI
    • Evaluate soft tissue tendons and structures
  • Bone scintigraphy
    • to localize not diagnose
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32
Q

True or False:

Bone scintigraphy can be used to diagnose and localize?

A

False: to localize NOT DIAGNOSE

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33
Q

This is a sensitive test used to look at cytology of fluid (introduced with needle)

A

Arthrocentesis

34
Q

What cells are found in DJD in the synovial fluid?

A

Phagocytic mononuclear cells

35
Q

With bacterial arthritis, ricketssial or spirochetal polyarthritis, you will see what type of cells in the synovial fluid?

A

Degenerative neutrophils

36
Q

What type of neutrophil do you see in the synovial fluid with LUPUS, rhematoid arthritis, immune mediated, infectious arthritis?

A

Nondegenerative neutrophils

37
Q

What can you do in terms of medical management for DJD (OA)

  • ______ management
  • ______ supplementation
  • ______ moderation
  • Physical _____
  • Antiinflamm. drugs/pain mngt.
A
  • Weight management
  • Nutritional supplementation
  • Exercise moderation
  • Physical Rehabilitation
  • Antiinflamm. drugs/pain mngt.
38
Q

What nutritional supplement is high in antiinflammatorys?

A

omega 3 fatty acids

39
Q

Glucosamine and condroitin that are in dasuquin are good _______

A

chondroprotectants

40
Q

What are some different things you can do or OA for excercise modulation?

A
  • low impact activity
  • Leash walks
  • swimming
  • hill work (bc shifting weight to hind limbs)
41
Q

What drugs are not recommended with DJD

A

corticosteroids

42
Q

________:

(state the term)disturbance in endochondral ossification that leads to cartilage retention/thickening

A

Osteochondrosis

43
Q

With Osteochondrosis, increased cartilage thickness can result in malnourished, necrotic ______

A

chondrocytes

44
Q

With Osteochondrosis, normal activity can create _____ _____ and reuslt in cartilage flap which is known as this_____?

A

With Osteochondrosis, normal activity can create vertical fissues** and reuslt in cartilage flap which is known as this **OCD(osteochondritis discans)

45
Q

What is this an example of?

A

Osteochondrosis (as the cartilage thickens they get vertical fissues…when they break of this we get the cartilage flap)

46
Q

Osteochondrosis can be caused by a few things such as?

A
  • Genetic
  • nutritional
  • Age
  • gender
  • breed
  • rapid growth
  • nutritional excess such as calcium
47
Q

Osteochondrosis signalment is described as?

  • Small or large breed?
  • Males or females
  • CS usually ___-___ months but can be later
A
  • Large/Giant breed dogs
  • Males > Females
  • 4-8 months
48
Q

What is unique about Osteochondrosis in terms of lameness preference?

A
  • Bilateral disease but usually present with unilateral lameness***Q
49
Q

What is the best therapy and diagnostc tool for osteochondrosis?

A

Arthroscopy

50
Q

Depending on the joint usually ______ are the forst imaging madolaity we utilize with Osteochondrosis

A

Radiographs

51
Q

In terms of the shoulder joint what type of lameness is present?

A

Unilateral forelimb lameness

52
Q

What is being demonstrated here?

A
  • Early: flattening of the subchondral bone or caudal humeral head (far right)
  • Later: saucer shaped radiolucent area later becomes cartilag flap aka “joint mice” (middle pic)
53
Q

There are unique special indications for shoulder OCD to be able to institute conservative management?

A

ALL MUST BE TRUE

  1. Small defect
  2. Minimal to no lameness
  3. Very young dog (<6 months)
54
Q

What are the treatment options for conservative management with shoulder OCD?

A
  • Rest
  • Diet
    • control e
    • calcium
    • vit d intake
  • Nsaid
55
Q

Can we use surgery for shoulder OCD?

A

YESSS, its very emanable with surgery and they do well! :-)

56
Q

What is the standard of care treatment for shoulder OCD?

A

Surgery!

  • flap removal and joint lavage
  • Debridement of bone with currette or shaver to stimulate healty cartilage healing
57
Q

After surgery, shoulder OCD heals with ______

A

fibrocartilage

58
Q

In terms of shoulder OCD, ______ is always preferrable to ______

A

Arthroscopy preferable to arthrotomy

59
Q

What is this an exmaple of?

A

JOINT MICE in shoulder OCD

60
Q

Arthrotomy is an ______ procedure

A

open

61
Q

Shoulder OCD standard of care and treatment outcome is much better with _____ than without because can closely get back to near/normal function.

Prognosis??

  • Pet dog
  • Working dog
A
  • surgery
  • Pet dog
    • good to excellent if sx was done before onset of DJD
  • Working dog
    • fair to good
62
Q

Without surgery patients with shulder OCD will eventually lead to _______

A

DJD

63
Q

When the patient has issues with the “elbow joint” what anatomical area is most often affected with OCD?

A
  • distal humerus
64
Q

With the elbow joint what type of lameness is present?

A

unilateral forelimb lameness (more stiff after exercise and in the am)

65
Q

Where is pain often exhibited from her elbow joint?

A

pain on elbow extension and lateral rotation of forearm

66
Q

Do we see radiolucent ever with elbow joints and if so where?

A

Radiolucent concavity of distal aspect of medial humeral condyle

67
Q

What is the number one factor for medial compartment disease?

A

OCD

68
Q

Treatment for elbow OCD?

A
  • Treatment- Same for all OCD:
    • Debride
    • Curettage to stimulate fibrocartilage
  • Arthroscopy is best
69
Q

IN TERMS OF ELBOW, ____ _____ is your best chance for failure of the conditon to progress

A

early intervention

70
Q

For elbow OCD does early intervention prevent DJD?

A

Nope

71
Q

True or False for elbow OCD:

  • Arthrotomy is better than arthroscopy
A

False (Tx via arthrtomy is worse then arthroscopy)

BEST = Arthroscopy

72
Q

Why do elbow OCD patients need medical management long term?

A

If caught early may not need until older like 6-8 years old and its done to prevent onset of DJD as long as you can

73
Q

State the age, size, and area of lameness for the stifle joint?

A
  • Young
  • large breed dog
  • hindlimb lameness
74
Q

What do we see upon further look of radiographs for the stifle joint? What is most common?

A
  • Radiolucent concavity on medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle
75
Q

Issues with the _____ involve large breeds such as the rotties. Also state the type of lameness thats msot common? Pain on ____ ____

A

tarsus; unilateral hindlimb lameness; pain on hock flexion

76
Q

Where on the tarsus do we commonly see radiolucent concavity? Which is more frequent?

A

medial (more frequent) or lateral trochlear ridge of talus

77
Q

What is the ideal treatment for the tarsus? Does it prevent development of OA? Does not eliminate _______.

A

Surgical intervention

  • Arthroscopy is considered ideal
  • Doesn’t prevent from OA development
  • Does not eliminate lameness
78
Q

In terms of Sx management of all OCD lesions:

  • Is arthrotomy or arthroscopy best?
  • Involved surgical removal of _____ _____
  • Currettage of subchondral bone to stimulate ______
  • Placement of autogenous ________ _______
A
  • Is arthrotomy or arthroscopy best?
    • arthroscopy
  • Involved surgical removal of cartilage flap
  • Currettage of subchondral bone to stimulate fibrocartilage
  • Placement of autogenous osteochondral graft
79
Q

End stage of OCD leads to ____ and the surgical treatment is?

A

DJD; Total joint replacement

80
Q

Osteoarthritis treatment is ______ _______

A

medical management

81
Q

In terms of prognosis state the order for elbow, stifle, shoulder and tarsus from best to worst?

A
  • Shoulder(best) > Stifle > Elbow > Tarsus (terrible/worst) Q**

6th MELEAH Sur-Gur-RAYYY final lezzzz ace dis shit (15 decks)

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