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6th MELEAH Sur-Gur-RAYYY final lezzzz ace dis shit > OA and OCD > Flashcards

OA and OCD Flashcards

1
Q
  • OA stands for ______
  • OCD stands for ______ _____
A
  • Osteoarthritis (OA)
  • Osteochrondritis (OCD)
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2
Q

Joint surfaces are lined by ______/______ cartilage

A
  • hyaline/articular
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3
Q

The synovial membrane is made up of synovial cells and ______ cells?

A

dendritic

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4
Q

Hyaline cartilage is made up 90% by Extracellular matrix and ______ make up the remaining 10%

A
  • Chondrocytes
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5
Q

Hyaline cartilage is relatively _____(vascular or avascular) and the nutrition is supplied by ______ ______

A
  • avascular
  • synovial fluid
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6
Q

The stability in the joint comes from the shock absorber which is actually _____ _____

A

hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

True or False:

  • Osteoarthritis and Osteoarthrosis are interchangeable terms
A

True!

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8
Q

What type of joint disease is Osteoarthritis/Osteoarthrosis?

A
  • Non- imflammatory degenerative joint disease (DJD)
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9
Q

Describe what takes place in Osteoarthritis/Osteoarthrosis

  • _____ ______ degeneration
  • Marginal bone ____ aka _____
  • ______ membrane changes
A
  • Articular cartilage degeneration
  • Marginal bone hypertrophy** aka **osteophytosis
  • Synovial membrane changes
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10
Q

Inflammatory arthopathy can either be _____ or non_____

A
  • infectious
  • noninfectious
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11
Q

What are the different types of Non inflammatory arthropathy’s

  • ______
  • ______ _____ ______
  • Trauma
  • Neoplasia
A
  • Dysplasia
  • Degenerative joint disease
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12
Q

Inflammatory arthropathy types are _____ or _____

A

Infectious or non infectious

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13
Q

Which arthopathy can be broken up intp erosive and non erosive?

A

Non infectious inflammatory arthropathy

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14
Q
  • Bacterial
  • Viral
  • Rickettsiae
  • Fungi
  • Mycoplasma
  • Protozoal
  • Spirochetes

Are all examples of what type of arthropathy?

A
  • Inflammatory (infectious)
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15
Q

What are the 2 types of non infectious inflammatory arthropathy’s?

A
  • Erosive
  • Nonerosive
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16
Q

Noninfectious inflammatory arthropathy

  • Erosive
    • ______
    • Feline Chronic ______ _____
  • Nonerosive
    • _____ _____ polyarthritis
    • Chronic inflammatory induced ______
    • Systemic _____ erthematosus
A
  • Erosive
    • _Rhematoid****Q_
    • Feline Chronic Progressive polyarthritis
  • Nonerosive
    • immune mediated polyarthritis
    • Chronic inflammatory induced polyarthritis
    • Systemic Lupus erthematosus
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17
Q

Rhematoid is what type of arthropathy versus Systemic Lupus erthematosus?

A
  • Rhematoid
    • Inflammatory arthropathy (NON infectious) erosive
  • Systemic Lupus
    • Inflammatory arthropathy (NON infectious) nonerosive
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18
Q

What does CREPI stand for and what does it aid in dx of?

A
  • C: crepitus
  • R: range of motion
  • E: effusion
  • P: pain
  • I: instability

Seen upn PE for Osteoarthritis

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19
Q

Osteoarthritis commonly has CREPI, _____ asymmetry, and _____ enlargement as clinical signs

A
  • Muscular asymmetry
  • Joint enlargement
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20
Q

What are some different risk factors for Osteoarthritis?

  • _____
  • _____
  • _____
  • _____
  • ______
A
  • Increasing in age
  • Obesity
  • Repeated trauma and mechanical stress
  • Size and growth rate
  • Breed and genetics
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21
Q

______ and ______ breeds are predisposed to osteoarthritis

A

Labs and GSD

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22
Q

45% of OA dogs are _____ breeds

A

large

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23
Q

Assign each list to a stage of OA

  • Loss of range of motion
  • Vocalization
  • lethargy
  • inappetence
  • crepitus
  • Stiffness
  • decreased activity
  • limping
  • Pain
  • muscle atrophy
  • difficulty rising
A

Severe OA

  • Loss of range of motion
  • Vocalization
  • lethargy
  • inappetence
  • crepitus

Mild OA

  • Stiffness
  • decreased activity
  • limping

Moderate OA

  • Pain
  • muscle atrophy
  • difficulty rising
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24
Q

State the type of arthropathy?

  • Soft tissue swelling and joint capsule without bony changes- multiple joints affected
A

Inflammatory

Noninfectious

Non erosive

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25
State the type of arthropathy? ## Footnote Subchondral bone may be sclerotic or lytic; +/-periarticular bone formation, +/- joint space narrowing, +/- joint capsule distention and soft tissue swelling
Inflammatory Infectious
26
State the type of arthropathy? ## Footnote Joint space collapse; subchondral bone proliferation, periosteal new bone production and soft tissue swelling- multiple joints affected
Inflammatory Noninfectious Erosive
27
Rhematoid arthrtis is an _____ type of athropathy?
erosive
28
What are the 3 types of Noninflammatory arthropathy's? Which ultimately leads to DJD
1. DJD 2. Trauma \*\*\* leads to DJD 3. Neoplasia
29
Name the type of arthropathy described? ## Footnote Soft tissue swelling and intracapsular distension; diminished joint space, periarticular osteophytosis; subchondral bone plate, usually intact but may be sclerotic
Non inflammatory DJD
30
State the type of arthropathy? ## Footnote Soft tissue swelling and intracapsular distention; destruction of the subchondral bone plate (often on both sides of the joint) with aggressive bone proliferation
Non inflammatory (Neoplasia)
31
ID the type of imaging modality indicated for each indication * Bony changes * Evaluate soft tissue tendons and structures * to localize not diagnose
* CT * Bony changes * MRI * Evaluate soft tissue tendons and structures * Bone scintigraphy * to localize not diagnose
32
True or False: ## Footnote Bone scintigraphy can be used to diagnose and localize?
False: to localize NOT DIAGNOSE
33
This is a sensitive test used to look at cytology of fluid (introduced with needle)
Arthrocentesis
34
What cells are found in DJD in the synovial fluid?
Phagocytic mononuclear cells
35
With bacterial arthritis, ricketssial or spirochetal polyarthritis, you will see what type of cells in the synovial fluid?
Degenerative neutrophils
36
What type of neutrophil do you see in the synovial fluid with LUPUS, rhematoid arthritis, immune mediated, infectious arthritis?
Nondegenerative neutrophils
37
What can you do in terms of medical management for DJD (OA) * ______ management * ______ supplementation * ______ moderation * Physical \_\_\_\_\_ * Antiinflamm. drugs/pain mngt.
* **_Weight_** management * **_Nutritional_** supplementation * **_Exercise_** moderation * Physical **_Rehabilitation_** * Antiinflamm. drugs/pain mngt.
38
What nutritional supplement is high in antiinflammatorys?
omega 3 fatty acids
39
Glucosamine and condroitin that are in dasuquin are good \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
chondroprotectants
40
What are some different things you can do or OA for excercise modulation?
* low impact activity * Leash walks * swimming * hill work (bc shifting weight to hind limbs)
41
What drugs are not recommended with DJD
corticosteroids
42
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: ## Footnote (state the term)disturbance in endochondral ossification that leads to cartilage retention/thickening
Osteochondrosis
43
With Osteochondrosis, increased cartilage thickness can result in malnourished, necrotic \_\_\_\_\_\_
chondrocytes
44
With Osteochondrosis, normal activity can create _____ \_\_\_\_\_ and reuslt in cartilage flap which is known as this\_\_\_\_\_?
With Osteochondrosis, normal activity can create **_vertical fissues**_ and reuslt in cartilage flap which is known as this _**OCD(osteochondritis discans)_**
45
What is this an example of?
Osteochondrosis (as the cartilage thickens they get vertical fissues...when they break of this we get the cartilage flap)
46
Osteochondrosis can be caused by a few things such as?
* Genetic * nutritional * Age * gender * breed * rapid growth * nutritional excess such as calcium
47
Osteochondrosis signalment is described as? * Small or large breed? * Males or females * CS usually \_\_\_-\_\_\_ months but can be later
* Large/Giant breed dogs * **Males** \> Females * 4-8 months
48
What is unique about Osteochondrosis in terms of lameness preference?
* **Bilateral disease but usually present with unilateral lameness\*\*\*Q**
49
What is the best therapy and diagnostc tool for osteochondrosis?
Arthroscopy
50
Depending on the joint usually ______ are the forst imaging madolaity we utilize with Osteochondrosis
Radiographs
51
In terms of the shoulder joint what type of lameness is present?
Unilateral forelimb lameness
52
What is being demonstrated here?
* Early: flattening of the subchondral bone or caudal humeral head (far right) * Later: saucer shaped radiolucent area later becomes cartilag flap aka "joint mice" (middle pic)
53
There are unique special indications for shoulder OCD to be able to institute conservative management?
ALL MUST BE TRUE 1. Small defect 2. Minimal to no lameness 3. Very young dog (\<6 months)
54
What are the treatment options for conservative management with shoulder OCD?
* Rest * Diet * control e * calcium * vit d intake * Nsaid
55
Can we use surgery for shoulder OCD?
YESSS, its very emanable with surgery and they do well! :-)
56
What is the standard of care treatment for shoulder OCD?
Surgery! * flap removal and joint lavage * Debridement of bone with currette or shaver to stimulate healty cartilage healing
57
After surgery, shoulder OCD heals with \_\_\_\_\_\_
fibrocartilage
58
In terms of shoulder OCD, ______ is always preferrable to \_\_\_\_\_\_
**Arthroscopy preferable to arthrotomy**
59
What is this an exmaple of?
**_JOINT MICE_** in shoulder OCD
60
Arthrotomy is an ______ procedure
open
61
Shoulder OCD standard of care and treatment outcome is much better with _____ than without because can closely get back to near/normal function. _Prognosis??_ * Pet dog * Working dog
* surgery * Pet dog * good to excellent if sx was done before onset of DJD * Working dog * fair to good
62
Without surgery patients with shulder OCD will eventually lead to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
DJD
63
When the patient has issues with the "elbow joint" what anatomical area is most often affected with OCD?
* distal humerus
64
With the elbow joint what type of lameness is present?
unilateral forelimb lameness (more stiff after exercise and in the am)
65
Where is pain often exhibited from her elbow joint?
pain on elbow extension and lateral rotation of forearm
66
Do we see radiolucent ever with elbow joints and if so where?
Radiolucent concavity of **distal aspect of medial humeral condyle**
67
What is the number one factor for medial compartment disease?
OCD
68
Treatment for elbow OCD?
* Treatment- Same for all OCD: * Debride * Curettage to stimulate fibrocartilage * **_Arthroscopy is best_**
69
IN TERMS OF ELBOW, ____ \_\_\_\_\_ is your best chance for failure of the conditon to progress
early intervention
70
For elbow OCD does early intervention prevent DJD?
Nope
71
True or False for elbow OCD: * Arthrotomy is better than arthroscopy
False (Tx via arthrtomy is worse then arthroscopy) **BEST = Arthroscopy**
72
Why do elbow OCD patients need medical management long term?
If caught early may not need until older like 6-8 years old and its done to prevent onset of DJD as long as you can
73
State the age, size, and area of lameness for the stifle joint?
* Young * large breed dog * hindlimb lameness
74
What do we see upon further look of radiographs for the stifle joint? What is most common?
* Radiolucent concavity on medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle
75
Issues with the _____ involve large breeds such as the **_rotties._** Also state the type of lameness thats msot common? Pain on ____ \_\_\_\_
tarsus; unilateral hindlimb lameness; pain on hock flexion
76
Where on the tarsus do we commonly see radiolucent concavity? Which is more frequent?
**medial (more frequent)** or lateral trochlear ridge of talus
77
What is the ideal treatment for the tarsus? Does it prevent development of OA? Does not eliminate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Surgical intervention * **Arthroscopy is considered ideal** * Doesn't prevent from OA development * Does not eliminate **_lameness_**
78
In terms of Sx management of all OCD lesions: * Is arthrotomy or arthroscopy best? * Involved surgical removal of _____ \_\_\_\_\_ * Currettage of subchondral bone to stimulate \_\_\_\_\_\_ * Placement of autogenous ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
* Is arthrotomy or arthroscopy best? * **arthroscopy** * Involved surgical removal of **_cartilage flap_** * Currettage of subchondral bone to stimulate **fibrocartilage** * Placement of autogenous **_osteochondral graft_**
79
End stage of OCD leads to ____ and the surgical treatment is?
DJD; Total joint replacement
80
Osteoarthritis treatment is ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
medical management
81
In terms of prognosis state the order for elbow, stifle, shoulder and tarsus from best to worst?
* **Shoulder(best) \> Stifle \> Elbow \> Tarsus (terrible/worst) Q\*\***

6th MELEAH Sur-Gur-RAYYY final lezzzz ace dis shit (15 decks)

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