Bone Screws plates and nails (Betance 3)

Question 1

State the type of screw:

Fracture repair utilizing interfragmentary compression

Answer 1

Lag screw

Question 2

State the type of screw:

Stabilizing a bone fragment without compression

Answer 2

Position screw

Question 3

State the type of screw:

Fixing a splinting device to a bone (plate/nail)

Answer 3

Plate screw

Question 4

State the screw that has a larger pitch and deeper thread used in these 2 areas of bone: _____ and ______. Cane be partial or fully threaded

Answer 4

Cancellous screw

metaphyseal or epiphyseal bone

Question 5

State the screw that is FULLY threaded with a smaller pitch and shallow threads used in this area of bone: _____

Answer 5

Cortical screw

diaphyseal

Question 6

What screw us used for lag application in diaphyseal bone and what category of screw it is?

Answer 6

Shaft screw

category: partially threaded cortical screw

Question 7

Shaft screws avoid threads engaging this?

Answer 7

cis cortex

Question 8

A _______ screw has a central _____ core and used in more difficult fractures.

___wire holds reduced fracture and acts a guide (screws placed over the wire)

Answer 8

Cannulated; hollow

K

Question 9

What screw is used in locking compression plates? The screw head locks into a _____ _____

Answer 9

Locking head screw; plate hole

Question 10

What do locking bone screws do better than non locking screws?

Answer 10

Provide better anchorage

Question 11

This type of screw allows screw placement without pre drilling and tapping

Answer 11

Self tapping screw

Question 12

This type of screw provides interfragmentary compression; where should the hole be drilled

Answer 12

Lag screw

equidistant from the fracture edges

Question 13

For Lag screws, where should the hole be drilled in condylar fractures?

Answer 13

at a right angle to the fracture plane

Question 14

Lag screw applic.:

A _____ hole is drilled in the FAR cortex corresponding to the ____ diameter of the screw

Answer 14

smaller hole; core diameter

Question 15

Lag screw applic.:

A _____ hole is drilled in the NEAR cortex corresponding to the ____ diameter of the screw

Answer 15

larger hole; outer diameter

Question 16

For lag screw application:

_____ or a _____ is used to increase contact between the bone and the screw head

Answer 16

countersinking; washer

Question 17

What screw is used when placement of a lag screw will cause the bone fragment to collapse

Answer 17

position screw

Question 18

For a position screw:

The ____ diameter hole is drilled in the near and far cortex

The drill hole is measured and tapped

The screw is misplaced and the position of the 2 fragments is _____

Answer 18

same

maintained

Question 19

Rigid stainless steel or titanium strips that are fixed to the bone with bone screws.

Resist ____ forces

Answer 19

Bone plates; resist all forces

Question 20

This plate is not as strong as a Dynamic compression plate (DCP) and has deep notches between the holes, allows contouring in an ____ ____

Answer 20

Reconstruction plate

additional plane

Question 21

Reconstruction plates are used in areas that require ____ plate contouring such as the _____ or ____

Answer 21

complex; mandible or pelvis

Question 22

What plates are weak, can be stacked, and provide NO COMPRESSION

These are versatile and cut to any length

Answer 22

Veterinary Cuttable Plates

Question 23

These plates are used in referral procedures, can be contoured, and provide _____ at the acetabulum

Answer 23

Acetabular Plates

compression

Question 24

This apparatus DOES NOT COMPRESS, provides limited contact, and is considered a locking plate

Answer 24

String of Pearls

Question 25

The String of Pearls contours in ____ direction making it versatile and ____ screws are acceptable. Often combined with a ____

Answer 25

any; unicortical; rod

Question 26

In terms of Bone plate placement; we place it on the ____ side of the bone because plates are likely to fail on the _____ side

Answer 26

tension; likely to fail on compression side

Question 27

Bone plates convert _____ (_____) forces into _____ forced with _____ bearing

Answer 27

distracting (tension) forces into compression forced with weight bearing

Question 28

State the side of the bone you place the bone plate on - Femur - Tibia - Humerus - Radial

Answer 28

- Femur (lateral) - Tibia (medial) - Humerus (cranial, lateral, medial, caudal) - Radial (cranial)

Question 29

Sometimes you need to use a ___ plate where you use the original shape and curvature of the bone (prior to sx using rads or during sx with a bending template)

Answer 29

cointour

Question 30

Principles of bone plating: Span the _____ of the bone is possible Engage at least ___ cortices on each side of the fracture line Screws at least ___ mm from fracture line Do not place screws in ____ ____ unless a ___/___ screw Fill ____ screw holes if possible, avoid plate holes over ____ _____ Avoid cortical____ and use ____ ____ if necessary

Answer 30

diaphysis 6 5mm fracture line unless lag/position screw ALL; fracture lines defects; bone grafts if necessary

Question 31

What type of plate can be instituted when the same plate can be used as compression, neutralization,and bridge plating

Answer 31

Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP)

Question 32

This type of plate is used on transverse or nearly transverse fractues

Answer 32

Compression plate

Question 33

What's unique about the fracture site with compression plates in terms of what it allows? What must take place before the plate is applied

Answer 33

Allows compression at the fracture site! plate must be shaped to the bone

Question 34

How is compression applied with a Compression plate?

Answer 34

Spherical gliding principle

Question 35

With usage of a Compression plate, compression occurs when using this type of screw?

Answer 35

eccentric loaded screw

Question 36

What happens to the compression plate before it is applied and why is this done?

Answer 36

it's prestressed 1-2 mm at the fracture line to allow compression of the opposite cortex

Question 37

Neutralization plates are used on _____ or _____ fractures and applied via a ____ ____ ____

Answer 37

oblique or comminuted neutral drill guide

Question 38

How are Neutralization plates anatomically reduced?

Answer 38

with use of lag screws or cerclage wires

Question 39

Neutralization plates protects the _____ compression achieved by the lag screw from ____, bending, or _____ forces

Answer 39

Neutralization plates protects the (interfragmentary) compression achieved by the lag screw from (rotation), bending, or (shearing) forces

Question 40

Bridging plates bridge _____ fractures?

Answer 40

diaphyseal

Question 41

For bridging plates: The plate is secured to proximal and distal fracture fragments and spans the ____ part of the fracture

Answer 41

comminuted

Question 42

Bridging plates act as a _____ to maintain ____ and alignment of the bone

Answer 42

splint; length

Question 43

Bridging plate prevents _____ _____ as a result of shear or bending forces

Answer 43

axial deformity

Question 44

Does the bridging plate share load sharing?

Answer 44

NO load sharing; it carries the entire load (duhh think of a bridge carrying the load of every car and the contents/people inside of it...nothing helps it share the load)

Question 45

Bridging plates: often incorporates ____ ____ and commonly used as a ____-___ combo

Answer 45

bone grafts; plate-rod

Question 46

Limited contact dynamic compression plate does what to plate to bone contact?? What does it improve?

Answer 46

decreases improves cortical perfusion

Question 47

Limited contact dynamic compression plate improves _____ _____?

Answer 47

cortical perfusion

Question 48

Limited contact dynamic compression plates reduces stress concentration at the ____ _____(state the location)

Answer 48

screw holes

Question 49

(state the missing forces for the fill in the blank) Limited contact dynamic compression plate can be used for ______, neutralization, or _____functions

Answer 49

compression; bridging

Question 50

Locking compression plate is also termed _____ _____

Answer 50

internal fixator

Question 51

Locking compression plate eliminates the need for this?

Answer 51

eliminates need for perfect contouring

Question 52

Locking compression plate ____ contact between _____ and bone

Answer 52

limits; implant

Question 53

Locking compression plate has _____threads thus a ____ core diameter

Answer 53

smaller threads thus a larger core diameter

Question 54

What type of compression plate has a tapered tip for MIPO

Answer 54

Locking compression plate

Question 55

MIPO stands for?

Answer 55

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis

Question 56

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis does not require this?

Answer 56

plate to bone friction

Question 57

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis uses ____ plates and _____ along with fluoroscopy

Answer 57

locking plates and screws

Question 58

What type of incision do you make with Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis

Answer 58

keyhole

Question 59

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis uses _______ plate insertion

Answer 59

epiperiosteal

Question 60

Interlocking nail is a stainless steel nail placed within the ______ cavity and is LOCKED to the bone by screws that CROSS THE BONE and pass through holes in the nail

Answer 60

medullary

Question 61

Standard interlocking nails have ___ holes distal and ___ holes proximal

Answer 61

2 (for both)

Question 62

Interlocking nails have a _____ point on one end and 2 ____ with _____ threads on the other end

Answer 62

trochar point 2 flanges with internal threads

Question 63

In terms of equipment for interlocking nail: A _____ is required that matches the size of the ____ which opens the medullary cavity without _____ the cortex. An _____ piece is attached to the end of the nail to allow the nail to be _____ completely within the medullary cavity

Answer 63

REAMER; nail; damaging extension; advanced

Question 64

In terms of equipment for interlocking nail: A _____ tool that attaches to the extension device to drive the nail into the bone. A ___ ____ with drill holes that align with the holes in the nail. A ____ ____ ____ that protects the soft tissue

Answer 64

insertion drill jig drill guide sleeve (protects ST)

Question 65

What type of fractures are interlocking nails used for?

Answer 65

mid diaphyseal fractures of the humerus, femur, and tibia

Question 66

Interlocking nails MUST be placed ______

Answer 66

normograde

Question 67

Interlocking nails resist bending, _____, and _____ forces

Answer 67

shearing; rotational

Question 68

Interlocking nails can be applied ____ and are often used in _______ mode with little disturbance to fracture site

Answer 68

closed; bridging