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6th MELEAH Sur-Gur-RAYYY final lezzzz ace dis shit > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

(fucking pope oh joy can't wait for his questions)

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1
Q

Blood supply to the pinna is by these 3 vessels

A
  • Caudal auricular vein
  • Caudal auricular artery branches
  • Cranial auricular vein
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2
Q

What’s going on here?

A

Auricular (Aural) Hematoma

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3
Q

What are the 3 proposed pathogenesis of auricular hematoma?

A
  • Physical injury
    • Head shaking, scratching
    • Rarely documented
  • Immune-mediated or inflammatory mechanism
  • Hemorrhage
    • From great auricular artery within cartilage plate
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4
Q

Natural course of auricular hematoma, ______ is deposited and rsults ina thickened _____ ear

A
  • fibrin
  • deformed
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5
Q

Fibrous reorganization results in “_______” contracture.

A

“cauliflower”

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6
Q

Treatment of Auricular Hematoma

• Conservative Management options? (3)

A
  • Oral prednisolone +/- aspiration
  • Needle aspiration and instillation of corticosteroid
  • Indwelling Drains
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7
Q

Treatment of Auricular Hematoma

• Surgical Management is done for these 2 reasons?

A
  • For larger chronic heamtomas
  • OR if they reoccur after conservative management fails
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8
Q

For an indwelling drain for hematomas this can be done with sedation or local, make sure to Evacuate and ____ with sterile_____ to remove as much _____ material as possible

A

flush; saline; fibrinous

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9
Q

For indwelling drain we often use the ____ ____ tube, it’s left in until ____ heals besides drain path (__-__weeks)

A
  • Larson teat tibe
  • cavity
  • 2-3 weeks
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10
Q

If the larson teat tube or indwelling drain is removed too soon what can take place

A

reoccurance

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11
Q

What treatment yieds this:

  • Verygoodprognosis(>90%successreported)
  • But May need more than one treatment
A

Aspiration and instillation of corticosteroid

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12
Q

What options are there surgery of hematomas for incision (2)

A
  • Straight
  • S-Shaped
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13
Q

What other surgical option creates fenstrations on _____ side of the ear

A

Dermal punch

  • concave
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14
Q

What surgical option for hematoma provides multiple sites for drainage avodiing suture placement?

A

Laser fenestrations

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15
Q

Where are the sutures placed after surgical incision of the hematoma?

A

Sutures placed parallel to long axis of pinna

Blood supply to the pinna can be compromised if sutures are placed perpendicular to vessels convex side

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16
Q

We want to make sure we irrigate or remove fibrinous exudate, _____ the dead space for surgical incision of the aural hematoma and place multiple _____ sutures

A
  • obliterate
  • mattress
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17
Q

For aural hematoma Postoperative management:

Bandages typically used to ______ ear until sutures are removed, especially in patients that continue to shake their head postoperatively. may be difficult to maintain and keep clean

A

immobilize

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18
Q

What technique is best for aural hematoma surgery and what must be addressed

A

No single best technique

Underlying cause must be identified

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19
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages for placing suture in cartilage?

A
  • Advantages: more support, better alignment
  • Disadvantage: may get thickening around sutures
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20
Q

Partial Amputation of the Pinna is the treatment for:

  • _____ of portion of pinna
  • Ear ______
  • Ear tip _____
  • _____(____) dermatitis
  • Frostbite injury
  • ______
A
  • Avulsion o fportion of pinna
  • Ear fissures
  • Eartipdermatitis
  • Actinic(Solar)dermatitis
  • Cold/frostbiteinjury
  • Neoplasia
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21
Q

For Partial Amputation of the Pinna

Suture _____ and _____ surface skin edges with _____ _____pattern making sure cartilage is covered

A
  • concave and convex
  • simple continuous
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22
Q

Otitis externa can be caused by:

  • _____ infection or secondary to _____
  • Generalized skin disease
  • Predisposing factors (breed)
A

primary; inflamation

23
Q

Trauma to the external canal can be caused by:

  • ______wounds
  • Avulsion of the ______ ear canal at the ______ liganment between vertical and horizontal canal
A
  • Penetrating
  • vertical
  • annular ligament
24
Q

Neoplasia to the external canal can be caused by:

  • ______ gland tumors
  • ______ cell carcinoma
A
  • Sebaceous
  • Squamous
25
Q

The la croix and modifed la croix zepp are examples of this type of resection

A
  • Lateral ear canal resection
26
Q

Select procedure based on condition of epithelium:

  • No permanent changes – ________ resection may be indicated
  • Permanent epithelial changes – _____tissue
A
  • No permanent changes – lateral ear canal resection may be indicated
  • Permanent epithelial changes – resect tissue
27
Q

State the type of surgical procedure:

  • Facilitates medical treatmentof otitis externa
  • Alters local environment
A

Lateral Ear Canal Resection

28
Q

Lateral Ear Canal Resection cannot be peformed on what breed?

A

cocker spanials

29
Q

Lateral Ear Canal Resection can be performed on ____, ____, and ____ breeds despite them having narrow canals

A

Shar Pei, Chow, Bulldogs

30
Q

What are the other indications for Lateral Ear Canal Resection:

  • Access to _____ _____
  • Select cases with ______
A
  • Access to horizontal canal
  • Select cases with masses
31
Q

What is the most common cause of failure from lateral ear canal resection

A

improper case selection

32
Q

What are the main 2 indications for vertical ear canal ablation

A
  • Otitis externa
  • Neoplasia affecting vertical canal only
33
Q

What are some TECA/LBO complications?

  • Facial nerve _______
  • _______ signs
  • Hearing
  • Wound ______
  • Chronic _____ _____
A
  • Facial nerve paralysis
    • Incidence as low as 4%; at least half of cases resolve
    • Evaluate tear production pre-op
  • Vestibular signs
    • Usuallytransient
  • Hearing
  • Wound infection
  • Chronic draining tract
34
Q

In terms of hearing being diminished from TECA/LBO procedures, Most already have diminished hearing due to loss of ___ ______ of sound down ear canal to ______

A
  • air transmission
  • tympanum
35
Q

In terms of hearing being diminished from TECA/LBO procedures, ______ tissue filling the bulla post op and the transmission of ____ through the skin will diminish hearing if otherwise normal

A
  • Fibrous
  • sound
36
Q

Chronic otitis cases may be deaf due to ______caused by previous treatments

A

ototoxicity

37
Q

Draining tracts are usually due to incomplete _____ of the _______ in the external ear canal. Which can start arising ____ after the incision was healed!

A
  • removal
  • epithelium
  • months
38
Q

What do we use to examine the middle ear?

  • ______
  • ____ ______
  • ____
A
  • Otoscopy
  • Bulla radiography
  • CT
39
Q

What can you do surgically for middle ear disease?

  • _______
  • ____ _____
    • Vental
      • disease confined to or orginating from ____ ear
      • Ear canal is _____
    • Lateral
      • In conjunction with ______
A
  • Myringotomy
  • Bulla osteotomy
    • Ventral
      • Disease confined to or originating from middle ear
      • Ear canal normal
  • Lateral
    • In In conjunction with TECA
40
Q

Name the polyps that plague the middle ear often in _____?

A

Feline Inflammatory Polyps

  • Nasopharyngeal Polyps
41
Q

Feline Inflammatory Polyps (Nasopharyngeal Polyps) arise from the _____ ear cavity or _____ _____

A
  • middle
  • auditory tube
42
Q

Most cats have _______ ______

A

nasopharyngeal polyps

43
Q

Nasopharyngeal polyps may extend through _____ into the ear canal

A

tympanum

44
Q

What is the signalment for nasopharyngeal polyps? Is breed predispostion proven, what breeds if so?

A
  • Young – median age around 2 years (range 0.5 -15 yrs)
  • *DSH*, Maine Coon, Persian, Abyssinian, Ragdoll, Sphynx, Norwegian Forest
    • true breed predisposition (not proven)
45
Q

What clinical signs do you see with nasopharyngeal polyps?

A
  • stertorous respiration
  • nasal discharge
  • sneezing
  • voice change
  • dyspnea
  • dysphagia.
46
Q

What do you often see with ear canal polyps? (3)

A
  • Otorrhea (dark brown ceruminous or purulent exudate)
  • head shaking
  • +/-mass in the ear canal.
  • Otitis media or interna
    • head tilt
    • nystagmus
    • dysequilibrium
47
Q

What is the most common initial treatment of nasopharyngeal polyps?

A
  • Traction–Avulsion
48
Q

What type of surgical treatment do we perform for nasopharyngeal polyps if there’s significant middle ear disease and failed traction-avulsion?

A

Ventral bulla osteotomy

49
Q

Recurrence of feline inflammatory polyps of middle ear and nasopharynx = ___% recurrence with traction alone

A

50

50
Q

Recurrence of feline inflammatory polyps of middle ear and nasopharynx:

  • Results of traction significantly improved by administering ________ postop
A

corticosteroids

51
Q

Recurrence of feline inflammatory polyps of middle ear and nasopharynx:

______ ______allows more complete resection of tissue of origin and has a very low rate recurrence.

A

Bulla osteotomy

52
Q

Name the sirgical procedure we would perform on the ear for these indications:

• Chronic, recurrent, recalcitrant otitis media

• Inflammatory polyps
• Cholesteatoma ( Epidermoid Cyst)
• Neoplasia

A

Ventral Bulla Osteotomy

53
Q

What is one of the number one complications of ventral bulla osteotomy in cats and why is that?

A

Horner’s syndrome

  • because the sympathetic nerves run very superficially in the ventromedial compartment and are easily damaged

6th MELEAH Sur-Gur-RAYYY final lezzzz ace dis shit (15 decks)

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